Systems thinking and complexity: considerations for health promoting schools
Systems thinking and complexity: considerations for health promoting schools
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DOI：
10.1093/heapro/dav109
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发表时间：
2017-04-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Rosas, Scott R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rosas, Scott R.
健康促进学校的理念体现了一个全面和综合的理念，以提高学生和人员的健康和福祉。学校健康促进倡议的概念是由相互作用、相互依赖的部分组成的结构，这些部分通过关系网络连接起来，形成一个大于各部分之和的整体，学校健康促进倡议通常同时针对多个层面（例如个人、专业、程序和政策）。促进健康的举措，例如在全校办法下实施的举措，包括若干相互关联的组成部分，这些组成部分经过协调，以改善复杂环境中的健康结果。这些复杂的系统干预嵌入在物理、生物、生态、社会、政治和组织关系的复杂安排中。本文介绍了复杂自适应系统的系统思维和特征，以提供一个强调与复杂层次系统的非线性、动态和自适应特性相关的相互关系模式的视角。探讨了知识、网络、模式和组织四个系统思维领域，作为进一步管理健康促进学校发展的复杂性和可持续性的手段。应用系统思维和对复杂自适应系统的见解可以阐明如何解决复杂（即多层次和多站点）和复杂方面（即协同过程和紧急结果）设置中的挑战。
The health promoting schools concept reflects a comprehensive and integrated philosophy to improving student and personnel health and well-being. Conceptualized as a configuration of interacting, interdependent parts connected through a web of relationships that form a whole greater than the sum of its parts, school health promotion initiatives often target several levels (e.g. individual, professional, procedural and policy) simultaneously. Health promoting initiatives, such as those operationalized under the whole school approach, include several interconnected components that are coordinated to improve health outcomes in complex settings. These complex systems interventions are embedded in intricate arrangements of physical, biological, ecological, social, political and organizational relationships. Systems thinking and characteristics of complex adaptive systems are introduced in this article to provide a perspective that emphasizes the patterns of inter-relationships associated with the nonlinear, dynamic and adaptive nature of complex hierarchical systems. Four systems thinking areas: knowledge, networks, models and organizing are explored as a means to further manage the complex nature of the development and sustainability of health promoting schools. Applying systems thinking and insights about complex adaptive systems can illuminate how to address challenges found in settings with both complicated (i.e. multi-level and multisite) and complex aspects (i.e. synergistic processes and emergent outcomes).