Tobacco imagery in video games: ratings and gamer recall
Tobacco imagery in video games: ratings and gamer recall
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DOI：
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052286
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Malone, Ruth E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Forsyth, Susan R.;Malone, Ruth E.
目的评估电子游戏中发现的烟草内容是否被娱乐和软件评级委员会（ESRB）适当地标记为烟草相关内容。方法65名游戏参与者（自认为年龄范围13-50）进行了面对面（n=25）或在线（n=40）采访，并要求（A）列出最喜欢的游戏和（B）命名游戏，他们可以回忆起含有烟草内容。在ESRB数据库中搜索所有提到的游戏，以确定它们是否被分配了与烟草相关的内容描述符。通过检查用户创建的游戏维基网站和观看YouTube游戏视频，对游戏的烟草含量进行了独立评估。含有烟草相关ESRB内容描述符和/或经研究人员验证的烟草图像的游戏被认为含有烟草内容。被参与者确定为包括烟草，但缺乏可验证的烟草含量的游戏被视为不含烟草内容。结果参与者回忆起玩140个独特的游戏，其中118个被列入ESRB数据库。参与者明确回忆了31%（37/118）的游戏中的烟草内容，其中94%（35/37）包括独立验证的烟草内容。只有8%（9/118）的游戏收到了ESRB烟草相关的内容描述符，但研究人员证实，42%（50/118）包含此类内容; 42%（49/118）的游戏被评为成熟的M'（内容被认为适合17岁以上）。其中，76%（37/49）包含验证的烟草含量，但是，只有4%（2/49）收到ESRB烟草相关的内容descriptions.Conclusions游戏玩家暴露于烟草图像在许多视频游戏。ESRB并不是确定电子游戏是否包含烟草图像的可靠来源。
Objective To assess whether tobacco content found in video games was appropriately labelled for tobacco-related content by the Entertainment and Software Ratings Board (ESRB).Methods Sixty-five gamer participants (self-identified age range 13-50) were interviewed in-person (n=25) or online (n=40) and asked (A) to list favourite games and (B) to name games that they could recall containing tobacco content. The ESRB database was searched for all games mentioned to ascertain whether they had been assigned tobacco-related content descriptors. Games were independently assessed for tobacco content by examining user-created game wiki sites and watching YouTube videos of gameplay. Games with tobacco-related ESRB content descriptors and/or with tobacco imagery verified by researchers were considered to contain tobacco content. Games identified by participants as including tobacco but lacking verifiable tobacco content were treated as not containing tobacco content.Results Participants recalled playing 140 unique games, of which 118 were listed in the ESRB database. Participants explicitly recalled tobacco content in 31% (37/118) of the games, of which 94% (35/37) included independently verified tobacco content. Only 8% (9/118) of the games had received ESRB tobacco-related content descriptors, but researchers verified that 42% (50/118) contained such content; 42% (49/118) of games were rated M' for mature (content deemed appropriate for ages 17+). Of these, 76% (37/49) contained verified tobacco content; however, only 4% (2/49) received ESRB tobacco-related content descriptors.Conclusions Gamers are exposed to tobacco imagery in many video games. The ESRB is not a reliable source for determining whether video games contain tobacco imagery.