Aggregation and Solvation of Sodium Hexamethyldisilazide: Across the Solvent Spectrum.

Aggregation and Solvation of Sodium Hexamethyldisilazide: Across the Solvent Spectrum.
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六甲基二硅氮化钠的聚集和溶剂化:跨越溶剂光谱。

DOI:
10.1021/acs.joc.0c02546
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发表时间:
2021-02-05
期刊:
The Journal of organic chemistry
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Collum DB
Collum DB
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Woltornist RA;Collum DB

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报道了六甲基二硅氮化钠(NaHMDS)经>30标准溶剂(配体)溶剂化后的溶液结构。这些化合物包括:甲苯、苯和苯乙烯;三乙胺和相关的三烷基胺;以四氢呋喃为代表的二烷胺;包括四氢呋喃、叔丁基甲醚和二乙醚的二烷基醚;偶极配体如DMF、HMPA、DMSO和DMPU;双功能偶极配体非甲基亚胺二磷酰胺(NIPA);多胺N,N-四亚甲基二胺(TMEDA),N,N“,N”-五甲基二亚乙基三胺(PMDTA),N,N-四甲基环己二胺(TMCDA)和2,2-联吡啶;聚醚12-冠-4,15-冠-5,18-冠和二甘醇;4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-l,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane([2.2.2]密文)和三[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙基]胺(Tda-L)。结合~1H、~(13)C、~(15)N和~(29)Si核磁共振谱、连续变化法、X射线结晶学和密度泛函理论(DFT)计算,揭示了配体调节的聚集,得到了二聚体、单体、三离子和离子对的混合物。15N 29Si偶合常数区分了二聚体和单体。溶剂化数由溶剂滴定、观察到的缓慢交换极限下的自由和结合溶剂以及密度泛函计算确定。溶剂在二元混合物中的相对竞争能力通常与传统智慧预测的结果相符,但也有一些例外和竞争和合作(混合)溶剂化的证据。包括NaHMDS隐酸盐离子对和15-冠-5-溶剂化单体的晶体结构。并与六甲基二硅氮化锂、二异丙胺锂和二异丙胺钠的测定结果进行了比较。
We report solution structures of sodium hexamethyldisilazide (NaHMDS) solvated by >30 standard solvents (ligands). These include: toluene, benzene, and styrene; triethylamine and related trialkylamines; pyrrolidine as a representative dialkylamine; dialkylethers including THF, tert-butylmethyl ether, and diethyl ether; dipolar ligands such as DMF, HMPA, DMSO, and DMPU; a bifunctional dipolar ligand nonamethylimidodiphosphoramide (NIPA); polyamines N,N,N ,N -tetramethylenediamine (TMEDA), N,N,N ,N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDTA), N,N,N ,N -tetramethylcyclohexanediamine (TMCDA), and 2,2 -bipyridine; polyethers 12-crown-4, 15-crown-5, 18-crown-6, and diglyme; 4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-l,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane ([2.2.2] cryptand); and tris[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]amine (TDA-l). Combinations of 1H, 13C, 15N, and 29Si NMR spectroscopies, the method of continuous variations, X-ray crystallography, and density functional theory (DFT) computations reveal ligand-modulated aggregation to give mixtures of dimers, monomers, triple ions, and ion pairs. 15N 29Si coupling constants distinguish dimers and monomers. Solvation numbers are determined by a combination of solvent titrations, observed free and bound solvent in the slow exchange limit, and DFT computations. The relative abilities of solvents to compete in binary mixtures often match that predicted by conventional wisdom but with some exceptions and evidence of both competitive and cooperative (mixed) solvation. Crystal structures of a NaHMDS cryptate ion pair and a 15-crown-5-solvated monomer are included. Results are compared with those for lithium hexamethyldisilazide, lithium diisopropylamide, and sodium diisopropylamide.
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