Shaping nano-catalysts
Shaping nano-catalysts
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成型纳米催化剂
DOI：
10.1140/epjb/e2019-100024-9
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Baletto F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Baletto F
催化领域正处于持续和变色龙的演变和扩展状态，以满足世界的社会经济需求。自上个世纪初以来，我们已经观察到工业需求和研究活动之间的强烈相关性，这些研究活动集中于发现新的化学过程：例如，由于哈伯的工作，氨合成增加了氮肥的供应（1919年诺贝尔奖获得者）和博世（1932年诺贝尔奖获得者）;碳氢化合物的费-托合成;石油化学品的聚合物的催化生产;以及现在致力于绿色化学催化的新时代。奥斯特瓦尔德（1909年诺贝尔奖获得者）引入了化学动力学的概念，并将催化剂定义为“影响化学反应速率而不是其最终产物的一部分的物质”。在漫长的道路上，催化已经成为一个越来越具有预测性的科学，有几个值得注意的里程碑。这个新时代可能可以追溯到埃特尔（2007年诺贝尔奖获得者）的杰出工作，它引发了一场真实的革命。埃特尔革命性方法的核心是，催化是一门应该在原子水平上理解、控制和改进的科学。近几十年来，研究人员已经开始完全过渡到在分子/原子水平上深入理解催化过程，基于活性位点的概念，定义为反应发生的区域。此外，我们还协助引入描述符，作为捕获（即确定）系统催化性能的量。到目前为止，催化活性的研究一直与比能量映射有关，因为反应物的吸附能和中间步骤的活化能使得能够建立标度关系。反应性取决于吸附强度，表现出“火山”行为，其中太弱（反应物容易解吸）和太强（受产物解吸限制）的相互作用对催化都是有害的。在这种观点下，新的描述符，如d波段中心
The field of catalysis is in a state of continuous and chameleonic evolution and expansion, to address the world’s socio-economics needs. Since the beginning of the last century, we have observed a strong correlation between industrial needs and research activities focussed on discovering new chemical processes: ammonia synthesis that increased for example, the supply of nitrogen fertilizers thanks to the work of Haber (1919 Nobel Laureate) and Bosch (1932 Nobel Laureate); Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of hydrocarbons; catalytic production of polymers from petrochemicals; and now the new era devoted to green chemistry catalysis. Ostwald (1909 Nobel Laureate) introduced the concept of chemical kinetics and defined a catalyst as “a substance which affects the rate of a chemical reaction without being part of its end products”. In the long pathway that has led catalysis to be a more and more predictive science, there are several notable milestones. This new era can probably be traced to the remarkable work of Ertl (2007 Nobel Laureate) which triggered a real revolution. The core of Ertl’s revolutionary approach is that catalysis is a science that should be understood, and hence controlled and improved, at the atomic level. In recent decades, researchers have begun a complete transition towards a deep understanding of catalytic processes at the molecular/atomistic level, based on the concept of active site (s), defined as the region where reactions occur. Moreover, we have assisted in the introduction of descriptors, as quantities which capture (ie determine) the catalytic properties of the system. So far, the study of catalytic activity has been related to specific energy mappings, because the adsorption energies of the reactants and the activation energies of the intermediate steps enable the establishment of scaling relationships to be constructed. The reactivity depends on the adsorption strength, showing a ‘volcano’behaviour, where both a too weak (the reactant desorbs easily) and a too strong (limited by the desorption of product) interaction is deleterious to catalysis. In this view, new descriptors, eg the d-band centre
核壳 Pt 纳米颗粒上的乙醇化学吸附：从头开始研究
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
European Physical Journal B : Condensed Matter Physics
影响因子：
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作者：
V. A. Rigo;C. R. Miranda;F. Baletto
通讯作者：
F. Baletto