Category Markers or Attributes: Why Do Labels Guide Infants' Inductive Inferences?
Category Markers or Attributes: Why Do Labels Guide Infants' Inductive Inferences?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02237.x
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发表时间：
2008-12-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Graham, Susan A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Keates, Jean;Graham, Susan A.
为了阐明标签在早期诱导中的作用，我们比较了当实验者以下列方式之一介绍物体时，16个月大的婴儿(n=114)对测试对象的目标属性的概括：(A)使用普通注意短语，(B)用手电筒和普通注意短语突出显示，(C)通过使用命名短语标记物体的录音，(D)使用嵌入命名短语中的计数名词组成的标签，(E)与由未被标记为属于特定语法形式类别的单个单词组成的标签，以及(F)具有由形容词组成的标签。婴儿依靠物体标签来指导他们的归纳推理，只有当标签是指代的，嵌入到有意命名的短语中，并被标记为计数名词时。这些结果表明，婴儿并不认为标签是物体的属性；相反，婴儿理解可数名词标签是表示类别成员资格的有意标记。
To clarify the role of labels in early induction, we compared 16-month-old infants' (n = 114) generalization of target properties to test objects when objects were introduced by the experimenter in one of the following ways: (a) with a general attentional phrase, (b) highlighted with a flashlight and a general attentional phrase, (c) via a recorded voice that labeled the objects using a naming phrase, (d) with a label consisting of a count noun embedded within a naming phrase, (e) with a label consisting of a single word that was not marked as belonging to a particular grammatical form class, and (f) with a label consisting of an adjective. Infants relied on object labels to guide their inductive inferences only when the labels were presented referentially, embedded within an intentional naming phrase, and marked as count nouns. These results suggest that infants do not view labels as attributes of objects; rather, infants understand that count-noun labels are intentional markers denoting category membership.