Trends in energy intake in US between 1977 and 1996: Similar shifts seen across age groups
Trends in energy intake in US between 1977 and 1996: Similar shifts seen across age groups
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DOI：
10.1038/oby.2002.51
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发表时间：
2002-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Popkin, BM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nielsen, SJ;Siega-Riz, AM;Popkin, BM
目的：确定美国人按年龄组分层的总能量和膳食和零食子成分的位置和食物来源的趋势。研究方法和程序：具有全国代表性的数据来自1977年至1978年的全国食品消费调查以及1989年至1991年和1994年至1996年的调查。（1998年为2至9岁儿童）个人食物摄入量持续调查。样本由63，380名2岁及以上的人组成。对于每个调查年份，分别计算2至18岁、19至39岁、40至59岁以及60岁及以上人群从膳食和零食中摄入的总能量百分比。能量摄入量的百分比的位置（在家里消费或准备，自动售货机，商店吃了，餐厅/快餐店，学校）和特定的食物组分别计算为所有年龄组。结果：所有年龄组的位置和食物来源的趋势几乎相同。关键的饮食行为转变包括更多的外出消费;大量增加的总能量来自咸零食，软饮料和比萨饼;和大量减少的能量来自低和中脂肪牛奶和中和高脂肪牛肉和猪肉。讨论：总能量摄入量增加在过去的20年里，从吃饭到零食和从家里到外出消费的转变。所有年龄组变化的相似性进一步证明，需要广泛的环境变化来改善美国人的饮食。
Objective: To determine the trends in locations and food sources of Americans stratified by age group for both total energy and the meal and snack subcomponents.Research Methods and Procedures: Nationally representative data was taken from the 1977 to 1978 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey and the 1989 to 1991 and 1994 to 1996 (and 1998 for children age 2 through 9) Continuing Surveys of Food Intake by Individuals. The sample consisted of 63,380 individuals, age 2 and up. For each survey year, the percentage of total energy intake from meals and snacks was calculated separately for 2- to 18-year-olds, 19-to 39-year-olds, 40- to 59-year-olds, and those 60 years and older. The percentage of energy intake by location (at-home consumption or preparation, vending, store eaten out, restaurant/fast-food, and school) and by specific food group was computed for all age groups separately.Results: The trends in location and food sources were almost identical for all age groups. Key dietary behavior shifts included greater away-from-home consumption; large increases in total energy from salty snacks, soft drinks, and pizza; and large decreases in energy from low- and medium-fat milk and medium- and high-fat beef and pork.Discussion: Total energy intake has increased over the past 20 years, with shifts away from meals to snacks and from at-home to away-from-home consumption. The similarity of changes across all age groups furthers the assertion that broad-based environmental changes are needed to improve the diets of Americans.