Behaviour of fission products under severe PWR accident conditions VERCORS experimental programme-Part 1: General description of the programme
Behaviour of fission products under severe PWR accident conditions VERCORS experimental programme-Part 1: General description of the programme
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DOI：
10.1016/j.nucengdes.2009.06.028
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发表时间：
2010-07-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Malgouyres, P. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pontillon, Yves;Ducros, Gerard;Malgouyres, P. P.
Vercors是一个分析性实验计划，专注于在具有代表性的严重压水堆事故中所遇到的条件下，从受辐射的燃料棒中释放裂变产物(FP)和辐系元素。这17项试验由EDF和IRSN共同出资，由CEA按照三个试验阶段，在活性材料实验室(LAMA)格勒诺布尔场地的一个特定高活性单元中进行，历时14年(1989-2002年)。在1989至1994年间，对搬迁附近的UO(2)燃料进行了第一系列六次试验(Vercors 1-Vercors 6)。接下来，两个不同的测试系列--Vercors HT(三个测试)和RI(八个测试)--在1996至2002年间交替进行，直到燃料样品崩溃。这些试验的重点是具有各种初始结构(完整或碎片床)的UO(2)和MOX燃料。这一方案使人们有可能精确地量化在所探索的所有情况下裂变产物的释放，并确定其中一些裂变产物之间的相似行为模式，从而有可能将它们以示意性方式分类为四类，挥发性FP包括裂变气体、碘、铯、锑、碲、镉、Rb和银，在大约2350摄氏度的温度下有非常高的释放(实际上是全部释放)；(2)半挥发性FP，这类物质由钼、铑、钡、钯和氚组成，释放50-100%，但对氧的电位非常敏感，在发射点附近有明显的再沉积；(3)低挥发性的FP，如Ru、Ce、锶、Y、Eu、Nb和La，其有效释放量平均约为3-10%，但(对某些元素和在特定条件下)能够达到20-40%；(4)非挥发性FP，由Zr、Nd3+和Pr3+组成，在Vercors测试网格的包络条件下无法通过伽马能谱仪测量到其释放量。每个放线元素都有自己的行为类型。然而，它们可以细分为两类，第一类包括U和NP，释放量高达10%，行为类似于低挥发性FP，第二类(Pu)释放量很低，通常不到1%。(C)2009爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
VERCORS is an analytical experimental programme focusing on the release of fission products (FP) and actinides from an irradiated fuel rod, under conditions representative of those encountered during a severe PWR accident. The 17 tests - financed jointly by EDF and IRSN - were conducted by the CEA on its Grenoble site in a specific high-activity cell at the Laboratory for Active Materials (LAMA) over a 14-year period (1989-2002), in accordance with three test phases. A first series of six tests (VERCORS 1-VERCORS 6) was conducted between 1989 and 1994 on UO(2) fuel close to the relocation. Next, two different test series - VERCORS HT (three tests) and RI (eight tests) - were alternately performed between 1996 and 2002 at higher temperature up to the fuel sample collapse. These tests focused on UO(2) and MOX fuels with a variety of initial configurations (intact or debris beds). This programme made it possible to precisely quantify fission product releases in all the situations explored, as well as to identify similar behavioural patterns between some of these fission products, thus making it possible to classify them schematically into four groups with decreasing volatility: (1) volatile FP including fission gases, iodine, caesium, antimony, tellurium, cadmium, rubidium and silver with very high releases (practically total release) at temperatures of around 2350 degrees C; (2) semi-volatile FP, a category composed of molybdenum, rhodium, barium, palladium and technetium with releases of 50-100%, but very sensitive to oxygen potential and with marked redeposits nearby the emission point; (3) FP that are low volatile, such as ruthenium, cerium, strontium, yttrium, europium, niobium and lanthanum, with significant releases of around 3-10% on average, but capable (for some elements and under particular conditions) of reaching 20-40%; (4) non-volatile FP composed of zirconium, neodymium and praseodymium, for which no release can be measured by gamma spectrometry for the envelope conditions of the VERCORS test grids. Actinides each have their own type of behaviour. They can nevertheless be subdivided into two categories, the first including U and Np, with releases of up to 10% and behaviour similar to that of the low volatile FP, and the second (Pu) with very low releases, typically less than 1%. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.