Re-emergence of Vibrio tubiashii in bivalve shellfish aquaculture: severity, environmental drivers, geographic extent and management
Re-emergence of Vibrio tubiashii in bivalve shellfish aquaculture: severity, environmental drivers, geographic extent and management
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DOI：
10.3354/dao01982
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发表时间：
2008-11-20
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Hase, Claudia C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elston, Ralph A.;Hasegawa, Hiroaki;Hase, Claudia C.
在2006年和2007年期间，我们记录了在北美西海岸贝类孵化场再次出现由管氏弧菌引起的严重弧菌病。损失的仔稚鱼包括太平洋牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）和熊本牡蛎（C. sikamea）牡蛎和象拔蚌Panopeainta，2007年一个孵化场的牡蛎幼虫产量下降了59%。双壳类幼体和幼体的损失与沿海环境中的V. tubiashii水华有关，这与异常温暖的表层海水和间歇性涌升的较冷、营养盐和弧菌的明显混合有关。浓缩海水2007年的海洋温度升高异常与厄尔尼诺事件没有明显的联系，1998年的类似事件也是如此。在上升的冷水中，主要的贝类致病性弧菌的浓度高达1.6 × 10（6）cfu ml（-1）。该细菌具有的基因编码的蛋白酶和溶血素描述的V tubiashii，和致病菌株分泌这些肽。在牡蛎和象拔蚌幼虫中发生了由经典的侵袭性疾病和致突变的非侵袭性疾病引起的病变。管理和预防需要降低细菌的传入浓度，减少水和空气供应以及库存化学溶液中的污染，去除细菌毒素，并中断孵化场和微藻食物供应中的细菌扩增循环。
During 2006 and 2007, we documented the re-emergence of severe episodes of vibriosis caused by Vibrio tubiashii in shellfish hatcheries on the west coast of North America. Lost larval and juvenile production included 3 previously undescribed hosts, Pacific (Crassostrea gigas) and Kumamoto (C. sikamea) oysters and geoduck clams Panope abrupta, with a 2007 decline in larval oyster production of similar to 59 % in one hatchery. Losses of larval and juvenile bivalves were linked to V. tubiashii blooms in the coastal environment, which were associated with the apparent mixing of unusually warm surface seawater and intermittently upwelled cooler, nutrient- and Vibrio spp.-enriched seawater. The ocean temperature elevation anomaly in 2007 was not clearly linked to an El Nino event, as was a similar episode in 1998. Concentrations of the dominant shellfish-pathogenic vibrios were as high as 1.6 x 10(6) cfu ml(-1) in the cold, upwelled water. The bacteria possessed the genes coding for a protease and hemolysin described for V tubiashii, and pathogenic isolates secreted these peptides. Lesions resulting from a classic invasive disease and a toxigenic noninvasive disease occurred in oyster and geoduck clam larvae. Management and prevention require reduction of incoming concentrations of the bacteria, reduction of contamination in water and air supplies and in stock chemical solutions, removal of bacterial toxins, and interruption of the cycle of bacterial amplification in the hatchery and in microalgal food supplies.