Salmonella bongori provides insights into the evolution of the Salmonellae.
Salmonella bongori provides insights into the evolution of the Salmonellae.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.1002191
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发表时间：
2011-08
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Thomson NR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fookes M;Schroeder GN;Langridge GC;Blondel CJ;Mammina C;Connor TR;Seth-Smith H;Vernikos GS;Robinson KS;Sanders M;Petty NK;Kingsley RA;Bäumler AJ;Nuccio SP;Contreras I;Santiviago CA;Maskell D;Barrow P;Humphrey T;Nastasi A;Roberts M;Frankel G;Parkhill J;Dougan G;Thomson NR
沙门氏菌属包括两种，邦格里沙门氏菌和肠沙门氏菌。与已得到充分研究的肠链球菌相比，邦戈里链球菌的基因组成和多样性方面的信息明显缺乏。bongori沙门氏菌主要与冷血动物有关，但它也可以感染人类。为了确定该物种的系统发育，并将其与肠球菌进行比较，我们对28个分离株进行了测序，这些分离株代表了已知的大多数S. bongori多样性。这种跨物种分析使我们能够自信地区分祖先功能和物种形成后获得的功能，包括代谢和毒力相关能力。我们表明，尽管S. bongori继承了一套基本的沙门氏菌共同毒力功能，但它随后在不同的方向上阐述了这一点。肠链球菌进化的一个既定特征是，III型分泌系统（T3SS-1和T3SS-2）的获得之后，依次获得编码分泌靶标（称为效应蛋白）的基因。我们表明，这也是正确的S. bongori，它已经获得了一系列新的效应蛋白（sboA-L）。除两种效应物外，所有这些效应物都没有明显的肠链球菌同源物，而是与肠致病性大肠杆菌（EPEC）中的效应物高度相似。值得注意的是，SboH被发现是一种嵌合效应蛋白，由T3SS-1效应基因sopA和来自肠致病性大肠杆菌的与EPEC效应基因nleH高度相似的基因融合编码。我们证明了这些新效应物的代表是易位的，并且SboH，类似于NleH，在被融合的SopA部分靶向线粒体时，阻断了固有的凋亡途径。这项工作表明，S. bongori继承了祖先沙门氏菌的毒力基因集，但通过纳入与EPEC相似的毒力决定因素进行了适应。沙门氏菌属细菌包括两种：肠沙门氏菌和邦戈里沙门氏菌。沙门氏菌是人类食物中毒的常见原因，也可能导致更严重的疾病，如伤寒。大多数导致人类和动物疾病的沙门氏菌都是肠球菌的成员。另一方面，S. bongori主要与爬行动物有关，但也会引起人类疾病，尽管很少。我们已经确定了代表其已知多样性的S. bongori分离株的基因组。利用这一点，以及现有的大量肠球菌不同成员的基因组信息，我们能够识别出这两个物种中发现的功能，因此可能是祖先，并将它们与最近获得的功能区分开来。这一信息使我们对病原体如何长期进化有了更深入的了解，并使我们能够确定仅与通常导致人类疾病的分离株相关的功能。我们的分析表明，当S. bongori和S. enterica分化时，它们进化占据了非常不同的生态位。
The genus Salmonella contains two species, S. bongori and S. enterica. Compared to the well-studied S. enterica there is a marked lack of information regarding the genetic makeup and diversity of S. bongori. S. bongori has been found predominantly associated with cold-blooded animals, but it can infect humans. To define the phylogeny of this species, and compare it to S. enterica, we have sequenced 28 isolates representing most of the known diversity of S. bongori. This cross-species analysis allowed us to confidently differentiate ancestral functions from those acquired following speciation, which include both metabolic and virulence-associated capacities. We show that, although S. bongori inherited a basic set of Salmonella common virulence functions, it has subsequently elaborated on this in a different direction to S. enterica. It is an established feature of S. enterica evolution that the acquisition of the type III secretion systems (T3SS-1 and T3SS-2) has been followed by the sequential acquisition of genes encoding secreted targets, termed effectors proteins. We show that this is also true of S. bongori, which has acquired an array of novel effector proteins (sboA-L). All but two of these effectors have no significant S. enterica homologues and instead are highly similar to those found in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). Remarkably, SboH is found to be a chimeric effector protein, encoded by a fusion of the T3SS-1 effector gene sopA and a gene highly similar to the EPEC effector nleH from enteropathogenic E. coli. We demonstrate that representatives of these new effectors are translocated and that SboH, similarly to NleH, blocks intrinsic apoptotic pathways while being targeted to the mitochondria by the SopA part of the fusion. This work suggests that S. bongori has inherited the ancestral Salmonella virulence gene set, but has adapted by incorporating virulence determinants that resemble those employed by EPEC. The bacterial genus Salmonella consists of two species: Salmonella enterica and Salmonella bongori. Salmonella are common causes of food poisoning in humans and can also cause more severe disease such as typhoid fever. Most of the Salmonella that cause disease in humans and animals are members of S. enterica. On the other hand S. bongori, is largely associated with reptiles but can cause disease in humans, albeit rarely. We have determined genomes for S. bongori isolates representing its known diversity. Using this, and existing genome information for a large number of different members of S. enterica, we were able to identify functions found in both species, and therefore likely to be ancestral, and differentiate them from those that have been more recently acquired. This information gives us more perspective on how pathogens evolve over the longer-term and allows us to identify functions that are associated exclusively with isolates that commonly cause disease in humans. Our analysis suggests that when S. bongori and S. enterica diverged they evolved to occupy very different niches.
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
CHEREPANOV, PP;WACKERNAGEL, W
通讯作者：
WACKERNAGEL, W
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
AbuOun, Manal;Suthers, Patrick F.;Anjum, Muna F.
通讯作者：
Anjum, Muna F.
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Charpentier, X;Oswald, E
通讯作者：
Oswald, E
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.120163297
发表时间：
2000-06-06
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Datsenko, KA;Wanner, BL
通讯作者：
Wanner, BL
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Collier-Hyams, LS;Zeng, H;Neish, AS
通讯作者：
Neish, AS