Naming the threat: lay prototypes of organized crime in Italy and the US

Naming the threat: lay prototypes of organized crime in Italy and the US
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威胁的命名:意大利和美国有组织犯罪的雏形

DOI:
10.1080/1068316x.2023.2239425
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
Psychology, Crime & Law
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Travaglino G
Travaglino G
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Travaglino G

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有组织犯罪是一种普遍存在的全球威胁,同时对执法和决策者构成独特的挑战。然而,关于公众对这一现象的理解的研究仍然有限。这项研究包括在意大利(Ntot = 477)和美国(Ntot = 474)进行的三项研究,通过调查有组织犯罪的外行原型和推进围绕公众对犯罪现象的理解的学术辩论,填补了这一关键空白。研究1a-b查明了有组织犯罪的共同特征。在研究2a-b中,参与者对功能的中心性进行了评级。在意大利,中心性评级的基础是一个8维的潜在结构,并预测曝光的新闻。在美国,中心性评级由7维结构支撑,并通过电视和电影的曝光率进行预测。研究3a-b通过证明其诊断价值进一步强调了特征的重要性。与会者确定了使用中心(相对于外围)特征的犯罪实体,认为它们更具有有组织犯罪的代表性,并认为它们更危险。尽管美国参与者倾向于对犯罪的理解更加浪漫化,但这些研究揭示了各种背景下有组织犯罪的复杂和多方面的原型。这些研究结果对政策和传播战略具有重要意义,并可作为这一关键领域进一步研究的催化剂。
Organized crime represents a pervasive global threat while posing unique challenges to law enforcement and policymakers. Yet, research about public understanding of this phenomenon remains limited. This research, comprising three studies conducted in Italy (Ntot= 477) and the United States (Ntot= 474), fills this crucial gap by investigating the lay prototypes of organized crime and advancing scholarly debates surrounding public understanding of criminal phenomena. Studies 1a-b identified the shared features of organized crime. In Studies 2a-b, participants rated the features’ centrality. In Italy, centrality ratings were underlain by an 8-dimensional latent structure and predicted by exposure to news. In the US, centrality ratings were underlain by a 7-dimensional structure and predicted by exposure to TV and movies. Studies 3a-b further underscored the significance of the features by demonstrating their diagnostic value. Participants identified criminal entities described using central (versus peripheral) features as more representative of organized crime, and perceived them as more dangerous. Despite a tendency among US participants towards a more romanticized understanding, the studies revealed complex and multifaceted prototypes of organized crime across contexts. These findings have important implications for policy and communication strategies and serve as a catalyst for further research in this critical area.
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