Unconventional Oil and Gas Energy Systems: An Unidentified Hotspot of Antimicrobial Resistance?
Unconventional Oil and Gas Energy Systems: An Unidentified Hotspot of Antimicrobial Resistance?
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2019.02392
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发表时间：
2019-10-18
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Hazen, Terry C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Campa, Maria Fernanda;Wolfe, Amy K.;Hazen, Terry C.
水力压裂等非常规石油和天然气 (UOG) 实践中使用的杀菌剂可控制微生物生长。不需要的微生物生长会导致气体酸化、管道堵塞以及微生物引起的设备和运输管道腐蚀。然而，优化杀菌剂的使用并不是当务之急。此外，由于微生物调查显示水力压裂产生的水和回流水中存在活跃的微生物群落，因此杀菌剂的功效受到质疑。与传统石油和天然气作业相比，水力压裂产生的水和回流水增加了 UOG 作业附近的地表含水层和河流/湖泊的风险。虽然一些杀菌剂和杀菌剂降解产物因其对人类和环境的毒性而被强调为值得关注的化学品，但它们引起的选择性抗菌压力尚未得到认真考虑。这篇观点文章旨在促进研究，以确定这些系统中的抗菌压力是否值得关注。 UOG 做法可能会产生在文献、实践和监管领域未被充分认识的抗菌药物耐药性热点，这些热点不应被忽视。该文章的独特之处在于从生物风险而非化学毒理学的角度讨论了与 UOG 杀菌剂相关的抗菌素耐药性风险。我们概述了潜在风险，并强调了需要解决的重要知识差距，以便将抗菌素耐药性的出现和选择正确纳入 UOG 环境和健康风险评估中。
Biocides used in unconventional oil and gas (UOG) practices, such as hydraulic fracturing, control microbial growth. Unwanted microbial growth can cause gas souring, pipeline clogging, and microbial-induced corrosion of equipment and transportation pipes. However, optimizing biocide use has not been a priority. Moreover, biocide efficacy has been questioned because microbial surveys show an active microbial community in hydraulic fracturing produced and flowback water. Hydraulic fracturing produced and flowback water increases risks to surface aquifers and rivers/lakes near the UOG operations compared with conventional oil and gas operations. While some biocides and biocide degradation products have been highlighted as chemicals of concern because of their toxicity to humans and the environment, the selective antimicrobial pressure they cause has not been considered seriously. This perspective article aims to promote research to determine if antimicrobial pressure in these systems is cause for concern. UOG practices could potentially create antimicrobial resistance hotspots under-appreciated in the literature, practice, and regulation arena, hotspots that should not be ignored. The article is distinctive in discussing antimicrobial resistance risks associated with UOG biocides from a biological risk, not a chemical toxicology, perspective. We outline potential risks and highlight important knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to properly incorporate antimicrobial resistance emergence and selection into UOG environmental and health risk assessments.