Surface meltwater drainage and ponding on Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica, 1973–2019

Surface meltwater drainage and ponding on Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica, 1973–2019
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1973 年至 2019 年东南极洲埃默里冰架表面融水排水和积水

DOI:
10.1017/jog.2021.46
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Fricker, Helen A.
Fricker, Helen A.
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Spergel, Julian J.;Kingslake, Jonathan;Creyts, Timothy;van Wessem, Melchior;Fricker, Helen A.

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南极洲东部埃默里冰架(AIS)的表面融化产生了由数百个湖泊组成的广泛的冰上排水系统。这个排水系统形成了AIS南部的大部分夏季,将融水向北输送了很长一段距离,朝向冰锋并终止于湖泊。在这里,我们使用卫星图像,Landsat(1,4和8),MODIS多光谱和Sentinel-1合成孔径雷达来研究近五十年(1972-2019)排水系统的季节和年际演变。我们估计季节性融水输入到一个湖泊的集成输出区域气候模型[区域大气气候模型(RACMO 2.3p2)]在其集水区使用南极洲的参考高程模型定义。我们发现只有弱的正相关关系模型季节性融水输入和湖泊面积之间的融水输入和湖泊体积。连续多年的大规模融化导致排水系统的逐年扩张,可能是通过融化生产,重新冻结在积雪和最大程度的湖泊在下游终端排水之间的联系。这些机制是重要的,当评估潜在的排水系统增长,以应对增加融化,提供融水的冰架地区容易水力压裂。
Surface melting on Amery Ice Shelf (AIS), East Antarctica, produces an extensive supraglacial drainage system consisting of hundreds of lakes connected by surface channels. This drainage system forms most summers on the southern portion of AIS, transporting meltwater large distances northward, toward the ice front and terminating in lakes. Here we use satellite imagery, Landsat (1, 4 and 8), MODIS multispectral and Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar to examine the seasonal and interannual evolution of the drainage system over nearly five decades (1972–2019). We estimate seasonal meltwater input to one lake by integrating output from the regional climate model [Regional Atmospheric Climate Model (RACMO 2.3p2)] over its catchment defined using the Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica. We find only weak positive relationships between modeled seasonal meltwater input and lake area and between meltwater input and lake volume. Consecutive years of extensive melting lead to year-on-year expansion of the drainage system, potentially through a link between melt production, refreezing in firn and the maximum extent of the lakes at the downstream termini of drainage. These mechanisms are important when evaluating the potential of drainage systems to grow in response to increased melting, delivering meltwater to areas of ice shelves vulnerable to hydrofracture.
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