Prediction and attenuation of seasonal spillover of parasites between wild and domestic ungulates in an arid mixed‐use system
Prediction and attenuation of seasonal spillover of parasites between wild and domestic ungulates in an arid mixed‐use system
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干旱混合用途系统中野生和家养有蹄类动物之间寄生虫季节性溢出的预测和减弱
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
T. Crowley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Quinn;M. Richardson;David R. Lovell;T. Crowley
摘要寄生虫在宿主种间的传播影响宿主种群动态、种间竞争以及生态系统的结构和功能。在野生和家养食草动物共享牧场的地区，牲畜寄生虫的管理可能会影响同域野生动物，或因跨物种传播而受到影响。我们开发了一种新的方法来模拟在博茨瓦纳半干旱系统的生物和非生物因素的基础上传输潜力。在牲畜抗寄生虫治疗的最佳时机，然后比较各种替代主机的情况下，包括季节性迁移的野生主机。在该地区，降雨是季节性传播的主要驱动力，但野生动物迁移导致家畜治疗效果的空间差异。此外，有能力迁移的野生动物宿主将寄生虫迁移到整个景观中。模拟的传播潜力与研究地区牲畜临床疾病的观察模式相匹配。野生动物接触的增加与疾病的减少相关，这表明非活性野生宿主可能通过从牲畜牧场清除感染性寄生虫幼虫来减弱传播。根据年内降雨模式优化处理时间比在一年中的标准时间处理有效得多。通过以这种方式进行靶向治疗，可以实现有效的控制，减少寄生虫从发生的野生动物中溢出。合成与应用。这种寄生虫传播潜力的模型使得能够在时空动态系统中对野生和家养物种之间的寄生虫溢出进行循证管理。它可以应用于其他混合用途系统，以减轻气候变化或宿主范围变化下的寄生虫传播。
Abstract Transmission of parasites between host species affects host population dynamics, interspecific competition, and ecosystem structure and function. In areas where wild and domestic herbivores share grazing land, management of parasites in livestock may affect or be affected by sympatric wildlife due to cross‐species transmission. We develop a novel method for simulating transmission potential based on both biotic and abiotic factors in a semi‐arid system in Botswana. Optimal timing of antiparasitic treatment in livestock is then compared under a variety of alternative host scenarios, including seasonally migrating wild hosts. In this region, rainfall is the primary driver of seasonality of transmission, but wildlife migration leads to spatial differences in the effectiveness of treatment in domestic animals. Additionally, competent migratory wildlife hosts move parasites across the landscape. Simulated transmission potential matches observed patterns of clinical disease in livestock in the study area. Increased wildlife contact is correlated with a decrease in disease, suggesting that non‐competent wild hosts may attenuate transmission by removing infective parasite larvae from livestock pasture. Optimising the timing of treatment according to within‐year rainfall patterns was considerably more effective than treating at a standard time of year. By targeting treatment in this way, efficient control can be achieved, mitigating parasite spillover from wildlife where it does occur. Synthesis and applications. This model of parasite transmission potential enables evidence‐based management of parasite spillover between wild and domestic species in a spatio‐temporally dynamic system. It can be applied in other mixed‐use systems to mitigate parasite transmission under altered climate scenarios or changes in host ranges.