CHERNOBYL SOURCE TERM, ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION, AND DOSE ESTIMATION
CHERNOBYL SOURCE TERM, ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION, AND DOSE ESTIMATION
复制标题
DOI：
10.1097/00004032-198911000-00001
复制
发表时间：
1989-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
LANGE, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GUDIKSEN, PH;HARVEY, TF;LANGE, R
可用于远距离迁移的切尔诺贝利源项是通过将放射性测量与大气扩散模型相结合，并通过反应堆堆芯放射性核素存量估计以及与特定化学基团相关的WASH-1400释放分数来估计的。这些分析表明，基本上所有的稀有气体，60%的放射性碘，40%的放射性铯，10%的碲，以及大约1%或更少的更难熔的元素被释放出来。对北方上空放射性云的大气扩散模拟显示，云在第一天变得分段，下部朝向斯堪的纳维亚半岛，上部朝向东南方向，随后穿过亚洲到达日本、北太平洋和北美西海岸。在切尔诺贝利地区附近，云直接照射引起的吸入剂量估计超过10 mGy，在欧洲大部分地区范围在0.1和0.001 mGy之间，在美国一般低于0.00001 mGy。切尔诺贝利源项比温斯凯尔和TMI反应堆事故的源项大几个数量级。然而，切尔诺贝利事故释放的137 Cs约为美国和苏联大气层核武器试验释放的6%，而切尔诺贝利事故释放的131 I和90 Sr仅为武器试验释放的0.1%左右。
The Chernobyl source term available for long-range transport was estimated by integration of radiological measurements with atmospheric dispersion modeling and by reactor core radionuclide inventory estimation in conjunction with WASH-1400 release fractions associated with specific chemical groups. These analyses indicated that essentially all of the noble gases, 60% of the radioiodines, 40% of the radiocesium, 10% of the tellurium, and about 1% or less of the more refractory elements were released. Atmospheric dispersion modeling of the radioactive cloud over the Northern Hemisphere revealed that the cloud became segmented during the first day, with the lower section heading toward Scandinavia and the upper part heading in a southeasterly direction with subsequent transport across Asia to Japan, the North Pacific, and the west coast of North America. The inhalation doses due to direct cloud exposure were estimated to exceed 10 mGy near the Chernobyl area, to range between 0.1 and 0.001 mGy within most of Europe, and to be generally less than 0.00001 mGy within the United States. The Chernobyl source term was several orders of magnitude greater than those associated with the Windscale and TMI reactor accidents. However, the 137Cs from the Chernobyl event is about 6% of that released by the U.S. and U.S.S.R. atmospheric nuclear weapon tests, while the 131I and 90Sr released by the Chernobyl accident was only about 0.1% of that released by the weapon tests.