Sexual Development in Fungi and Its Uses in Gene Expression Systems
Sexual Development in Fungi and Its Uses in Gene Expression Systems
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-27951-0_15
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Dyer, Paul S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ashton, George D.;Dyer, Paul S.
性循环为研究和修饰真菌基因表达提供了宝贵的机会。然而，有性繁殖的开发常常被忽视，因为许多在生物技术、医学和农业中具有重要意义的真菌物种缺乏性循环，因此基因操作技术被优先使用于性。在过去的十年里，人们发现，如果能够找到合适的环境条件和交配对象，许多被认为是无性的物种都有可能发生性发育。这引起了对真菌性循环实验开发的新兴趣。首先概述了真菌有性生殖。然后，我们描述了一系列的方法，其中真菌的性周期可以用来研究和修改基因表达系统。这些包括利用有性生殖来确定感兴趣性状的遗传基础，用于鉴定候选基因，用于工业菌株开发，以及在缺失和互补研究中验证基因功能。最后，鉴于最近发现的广泛的转录活性，讨论了使用交配型（MAT）基因来增强与初级和次级代谢相关的理想性状的表达。
The sexual cycle offers valuable opportunities to study and modify fungal gene expression. However, exploitation of sexual reproduction has often been overlooked because many fungal species of importance in biotechnology, medicine and agriculture lack a sexual cycle, and therefore gene manipulation techniques have been used in preference to sex. It has been discovered in the last decade though that many supposedly asexual species have the potential for sexual development if the correct environmental conditions and mating partners can be identified. This has led to renewed interest in experimental exploitation of fungal sexual cycles. An overview of fungal sexual reproduction is first provided. We then describe a series of ways in which fungal sexual cycles can be used to study and modify gene expression systems. These include the use of sexual reproduction in determining the genetic basis of traits of interest, use in identification of candidate genes, use in industrial strain development, and verification of gene function in deletion and complementation studies. Finally the use of mating-type (MAT) genes to enhance expression of desirable traits relating to primary and secondary metabolism is discussed, given recent finding about their wide-ranging transcriptional activity.