The Limits of the Smart Sustainable City
The Limits of the Smart Sustainable City
复制标题
可持续智慧城市的局限性
DOI：
10.1145/3080556.3080559
复制
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Josefin Wangel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tina Ringenson;Elina Eriksson;Miriam Börjesson Rivera;Josefin Wangel
城市化的持续和不断升级导致了世界上大多数人生活在城市的局面。城市占世界国内生产总值的很大一部分，往往被提升为可持续发展的可能驱动力。然而，这个城市有其局限性和脆弱性。城市依赖于流入城市的资源，不断增长的人口使其土地使用紧张。气候变化使城市面临海平面上升、热浪和极端天气事件的威胁。通过整合信息和通信技术（ICT）将城市转变为可持续的智能城市正在成为应对这些限制和挑战的一个反复提出的解决方案。信息和通信技术的两个主要领域是：i）作为城市基础设施的一部分，用于监测、提高效率和实现流程自动化; ii）作为市民之间共享信息和商品的推动者，从而带来更可持续的城市生活方式。然而，实现可持续智慧城市有几个限制。其数字基础设施的制造、实施和维护存在环境风险，需要人力和自然资源。此外，由于复杂性的增加，城市的脆弱性也增加了。现在，城市繁荣所依赖的（全球）流量在很大程度上和越来越大程度上是可能的，这是由于--并依赖于--信息和通信技术不受干扰地工作。考虑到这些系统的脆弱性，无论是物理的还是虚拟的，智能可持续城市是否是一条可取甚至可行的道路？我们认为，虽然信息和通信技术可能有助于使城市更具可持续性，但我们需要注意，以免在此过程中使城市更加脆弱。我们建议，我们应该确保信息和通信技术系统只是协助城市，同时保持模拟备份，以防信息和通信技术关闭;我们应该建立更有弹性的信息和通信技术系统，具有更高的向后兼容性;我们应该承认日益复杂的问题，并努力加以应对。
The ongoing and escalating urbanisation has resulted in a situation where a majority of people worldwide live in cities. Cities stand for a substantial part of the world GDP and are often lifted as possible drivers of sustainable development. However, the city has limitations and vulnerabilities. Cities depend on resources flowing into the city and increasing populations strain their land use. Climate change threatens cities with sea-level rise, heat waves and extreme weather events. Transforming cities into Smart Sustainable Cities by incorporation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is becoming a recurring proposed solution to these limitations and challenges. The two main areas where ICT are envisioned to function for this are i) as part of the city's infrastructure for monitoring, efficiency and automatization of processes, and ii) as an enabler for sharing of both information and goods among citizens, expectedly leading to more sustainable urban lifestyles. However, there are several limits to the realisation of the Smart Sustainable City. Manufacturing, implementation and maintenance of its digital infrastructure hold environmental risks and require human and natural resources. Furthermore, there are issues of increased vulnerability of the city due to increased complexity. Already now, the (global) flows that the city depends upon to thrive, are to a large and increasing extent possible due to - and dependent on - ICTs working without disturbances. Considering the fragility of these systems, both physical and virtual, is the Smart Sustainable City a desirable or even feasible path? We suggest that while ICT may be useful for making cities more sustainable, we need to be heedful so as not to make the city even more vulnerable in the process. We suggest that we should make sure that the ICT systems simply assist the cities, while maintaining analogue backup in case the ICT shuts down; that we should build more resilient ICT systems with higher backward compatibility; and that we should acknowledge increasing complexity as a problem and strive to counteract it.