Metacoupled Tourism and Wildlife Translocations Affect Synergies and Trade-Offs among Sustainable Development Goals across Spillover Systems
Metacoupled Tourism and Wildlife Translocations Affect Synergies and Trade-Offs among Sustainable Development Goals across Spillover Systems
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DOI：
10.3390/su12187677
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发表时间：
2020-09
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Zhiqiang Zhao;Meng Cai;T. Connor;M. Chung;Jianguo Liu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhiqiang Zhao;Meng Cai;T. Connor;M. Chung;Jianguo Liu
联合国可持续发展目标（SDG）之间的协同作用和权衡一直受到激烈争论。虽然世界越来越多的元耦合（社会经济环境相互作用的内部和跨相邻或遥远的系统），有一个全球性的广泛和重要的流量对加强或损害不同系统的可持续性的影响了解甚少。在这里，我们使用了一个新的综合框架来指导系统内和系统间的可持续发展目标协同作用和权衡分析，并受到跨境旅游和野生动物迁移的影响。仅世界上的陆地保护区每年就接待约80亿人次的参观，产生的直接经济影响达6000亿美元。在全球范围内，超过5000种动物物种和29，000种植物物种跨越国界进行贸易，野生动物贸易可以说是全球人畜共患病的原因之一，例如正在进行的COVID-19大流行。我们综合了六大洲的22个旅游和野生动物迁移案例，发现焦点系统和溢出系统内的10个SDG之间存在33个协同作用和14个权衡。我们的研究为可持续发展目标在溢出系统中的相互作用提供了实证证明，并为全面的可持续发展治理提供了见解，有助于促进协同作用，减少权衡，以实现元耦合人类世中的全球可持续发展。
Synergies and trade-offs among the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been hotly debated. Although the world is increasingly metacoupled (socioeconomic-environmental interactions within and across adjacent or distant systems), there is little understanding of the impacts of globally widespread and important flows on enhancing or compromising sustainability in different systems. Here, we used a new integrated framework to guide SDG synergy and trade-off analysis within and across systems, as influenced by cross-boundary tourism and wildlife translocations. The world’s terrestrial protected areas alone receive approximately 8 billion visits per year, generating a direct economic impact of US $600 billion. Globally, more than 5000 animal species and 29,000 plant species are traded across country borders, and the wildlife trade has arguably contributed to zoonotic disease worldwide, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We synthesized 22 cases of tourism and wildlife translocations across six continents and found 33 synergies and 14 trade-offs among 10 SDGs within focal systems and across spillover systems. Our study provides an empirical demonstration of SDG interactions across spillover systems and insights for holistic sustainability governance, contributing to fostering synergies and reducing trade-offs to achieve global sustainable development in the metacoupled Anthropocene.