Robotic mechanical wounding (MecWorm) versus herbivore-induced responses: early signaling and volatile emission in Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.)
Robotic mechanical wounding (MecWorm) versus herbivore-induced responses: early signaling and volatile emission in Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.)
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DOI：
10.1007/s00425-010-1203-0
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发表时间：
2010-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Maffei, Massimo E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bricchi, Irene;Leitner, Margit;Maffei, Massimo E.
昆虫对植物的取食是一个复杂的事件，至少包括两个不同的方面，机械损伤和化学因素。只有两者的结合才能诱导各自的植物防御。因此，不同的植物物种排放挥发性有机化合物（VOC）在响应草食动物（HW），而机械损伤造成的单一创伤事件（MD）不会引起VOC排放量增加。相比之下，机器人蠕虫（MecWorm，MW）允许证明连续的机械损伤足以诱导利马豆挥发性排放。然而，诱导的VOC混合物仍然是各自刺激的特征。为了确定植物信号传导导致防御的假定差异，我们比较了利马豆损伤诱导的早期信号的时间进程。无论是MD还是MW单独都不能诱导质膜（V（m））去极化，如在Spodoptera littoralis HW后观察到的，但是当与食草动物来源的口腔分泌物组合使用时，在两种处理中均发生V（m）去极化。仅在HW后观察到细胞质Ca 2+浓度显着增加，而MD和MW并不影响第二信使。H2 O2产生2-3小时内叶片损伤后HW和MW，而MD诱导的H2 O2水平相比，其他处理的一半。HW和MW均诱导NO的显著积累，但具有不同的时间模式。MD后的NO产生遵循相同的趋势，但达到显着较低的值。结果表明，来自食草动物的化学信号是负责诱导最早的信号事件。这些变化似乎是对食草动物反应的特征。
Insect herbivory on plants is a complex incident consisting of at least two different aspects, mechanical damage and chemical factors. Only the combination of both is able to induce the respective plant defenses. Thus, diverse plant species emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in response to herbivory (HW), whereas mechanical damage inflicted as single wounding event (MD) does not induce increased VOC emissions. In contrast, a robotic worm (MecWorm, MW) allowed demonstrating that continuous mechanical damage is sufficient to induce volatile emission in Lima bean. However, the induced VOC blends remain characteristic for the respective stimulus. In order to identify putative differences in plant signaling leading to defenses, we compared time courses of early signals induced by wounding in Lima bean. Neither MD nor MW alone was able to induce plasma membrane (V (m)) depolarization, as observed after Spodoptera littoralis HW, but V (m) depolarization occurred in both treatments when used in combination with herbivore-derived oral secretions. A significant increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations was observed only after HW, whereas MD and MW did not affect this second messenger. H2O2 was generated within 2-3 h after leaf damage by HW and MW, whereas MD induced only half of the H2O2 levels compared to the other treatments. Both HW and MW induced a marked accumulation of NO, but with distinct temporal patterns. NO production after MD followed the same trend but reached significantly lower values. The results indicate that chemical signals from the herbivores are responsible for the induction of the earliest signaling events. These changes appear to be characteristic for the reaction to herbivory.