Performance tests.
Performance tests.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.96104s2247
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发表时间：
1996-04
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Wetherell A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wetherell A
本文讨论了使用心理表现测试来评估环境应激源的影响。说明了性能测试的数量和种类，并描述了性能测试与其他心理测试在设计、构造、使用和目的方面的区别。压力源强调的是药物的影响，因为这是大多数性能测试发现其主要应用的地方，尽管其他压力源，如疲劳、有毒化学品，也在适当的地方提到。安定就是一个例子。没有特别强调性能，因为测试旨在具有广泛的适用性。然而，车辆的驾驶性能一直是大量研究的主题，可能是最重要的应用领域之一。从四个主要的基本模型——因素分析、一般信息处理、多资源和策略模型、加工阶段模型——以及它们的心理测量特性——灵敏度、信度、内容、标准、结构和面效度——来讨论性能测试。介绍了一些测试分类法。本文还讨论了反应时间、数学处理、记忆搜索、空间处理、不稳定跟踪、语言处理和双任务测试的标准化问题。对测量强度和适当的研究设计和方法提出了一些意见。
This paper discusses the use of psychological performance tests to assess the effects of environmental stressors. The large number and the variety of performance tests are illustrated, and the differences between performance tests and other psychological tests are described in terms of their design, construction, use, and purpose. The stressor emphasis is on the effects of drugs since that is where most performance tests have found their main application, although other stressors, e.g., fatigue, toxic chemicals, are mentioned where appropriate. Diazepam is used as an example. There is no particular performance emphasis since the tests are intended to have wide applicability. However, vehicle-driving performance is discussed because it has been the subject of a great deal of research and is probably one of the most important areas of application. Performance tests are discussed in terms of the four main underlying models--factor analysis, general information processing, multiple resource and strategy models, and processing-stage models--and in terms of their psychometric properties--sensitivity, reliability, and content, criterion, construct, and face validity. Some test taxonomies are presented. Standardization is also discussed with reference to the reaction time, mathematical processing, memory search, spatial processing, unstable tracking, verbal processing, and dual task tests used in the AGARD STRES battery. Some comments on measurement strengths and appropriate study designs and methods are included.