Disrupted integration of exteroceptive and interoceptive signaling in autism spectrum disorder.
Disrupted integration of exteroceptive and interoceptive signaling in autism spectrum disorder.
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自闭症谱系障碍中外感受和内感受信号的整合被破坏。
DOI：
10.1002/aur.1880
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wallace,MarkT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Noel,Jean-Paul;Lytle,Marisa;Cascio,Carissa;Wallace,MarkT
除了社交障碍外，被诊断患有自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的人经常表现出感觉和多感觉功能的变化。最近的证据集中在视听时间处理的变化上，并试图将这些基于感官的变化与社交沟通的弱点联系起来。视听时间功能的这些变化表现为时间历元或“窗口”的差异，在该时间历元或“窗口”内，成对的听觉和视觉刺激被整合或绑定，其中ASD患者表现出扩展的视听时间绑定窗口（TBW）。然而，目前尚不清楚这种损害是否是独特的视听配对，也许是因为它们的相关性的语音处理，或者它是否概括在不同的感官形式的配对。除了外感受性感觉之外，对ASD研究的兴趣也越来越大（例如，监测呼吸、心跳、饥饿等），因为这些内部定向的感觉过程在自闭症中似乎也发生了改变。在目前的研究中，我们试图检查外感受和内感受的个体与ASD和一组典型的发展（TD）匹配的控制，强调视听（外感受）和心视觉（内感受到外感受）线索的时间感知。结果重复先前的研究结果，显示ASD与TD相比扩大了视听TBW。此外，引人注目的是，ASD患者的心视觉TBW是TD患者的四倍，这表明ASD患者完全缺乏心视觉时间敏锐度。根据最近的证据，结果进行了讨论，表明ASD中依赖感官先验的倾向减少。Autism Res 2018，11：194-205。© 2017国际自闭症研究学会，Wiley Periodicals，Inc.Lay摘要研究表明，自闭症患者很难及时区分听觉和视觉事件。自闭症患者对来自外部世界和身体的感官证据的重视程度也不同。我们测量了关于视觉和听觉事件以及视觉和心跳事件之间的一致性判断。结果表明，虽然自闭症患者在一般意义上表现出不寻常的时间功能，但当外部世界和内部身体之间的配对桥接时，这种缺陷会更大。
In addition to deficits in social communication, individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) frequently exhibit changes in sensory and multisensory function. Recent evidence has focused on changes in audiovisual temporal processing, and has sought to relate these sensory‐based changes to weaknesses in social communication. These changes in audiovisual temporal function manifest as differences in the temporal epoch or “window” within which paired auditory and visual stimuli are integrated or bound, with those with ASD exhibiting expanded audiovisual temporal binding windows (TBWs). However, it is unknown whether this impairment is unique to audiovisual pairings, perhaps because of their relevance for speech processing, or whether it generalizes across pairings in different sensory modalities. In addition to the exteroceptive senses, there has been growing interest in ASD research in interoception (e.g., the monitoring of respiration, heartbeat, hunger, etc.), as these internally directed sensory processes appear to be altered as well in autism. In the current study, we sought to examine both exteroception and interoception in individuals with ASD and a group of typically developing (TD) matched controls, with an emphasis on temporal perception of audiovisual (exteroceptive) and cardiovisual (interoceptive to exteroceptive) cues. Results replicate prior findings showing expanded audiovisual TBWs in ASD in comparison to TD. In addition, strikingly, cardiovisual TBWs were fourfold larger in ASD than in TD, suggesting a putative complete lack of cardiovisual temporal acuity in ASD individuals. Results are discussed in light of recent evidence indicating a reduced tendency to rely on sensory priors in ASD.Autism Res 2018, 11: 194–205. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryStudies have shown that individuals with autism have difficulty in separating auditory and visual events in time. People with autism also weight sensory evidence originating from the external world and from their body differently. We measured simultaneity judgments regarding visual and auditory events and between visual and heartbeat events. Results suggest that while individuals with autism show unusual temporal function across the senses in a general manner, this deficit is greater when pairings bridged between the external world and the internal body.