The role of gender-related processes in the development of sex differences in self-evaluation and depression.
The role of gender-related processes in the development of sex differences in self-evaluation and depression.
复制标题
性别相关过程在自我评价和抑郁性别差异发展中的作用。
DOI：
10.1016/0165-0327(93)90027-h
复制
发表时间：
1993
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Gochberg,B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ruble,DN;Greulich,F;Pomerantz,EM;Gochberg,B
本文探讨了儿童时期的性别社会化过程，这可能会导致女性抑郁或抑郁症状的发生率高于男性。有人认为，由于社会化代理人的行为和性别刻板印象对儿童性别认同建构的影响，女孩可能表现出更高水平的自我评价关注，从而增加了患抑郁症的脆弱性。事实上，一篇关于自我评价性别差异的文献综述表明，女孩可能比男孩更容易受到自我评价的影响，尤其是对未来成功的期望较低，对成功或失败结果的因果归因更不适应，以及对失败的消极行为和评价反应。此外，对关于抑郁症状性别差异的文献的研究导致了对先前结论的质疑，即女孩在青春期之前没有表现出更高程度的抑郁症状。最后，我们提出了一些最新的原始数据来支持这一论点，即在青春期之前，对抑郁症的易感性的性别差异可能很明显。
This paper examines gender socialization processes during childhood that may contribute to a higher incidence of depression or depressive symptoms in females than in males. It is argued that because of the actions of socialization agents and the impact of gender stereotypes on a child's construction of gender identity, girls may exhibit higher levels of self-evaluative concerns that increase vulnerability to depression. Indeed, a review of the literature on sex differences in self-evaluation suggests that girls may be more susceptible than boys to self-evaluative concerns, particularly as reflected in lower expectations for future success, more maladaptive causal attributions for success or failure outcomes, and negative behavioral and evaluative reactions to failure. Moreover, an examination of the literature on sex differences in depressive symptoms leads to questions about previous conclusions that girls do not exhibit higher levels of depressive symptoms prior to adolescence. Finally, we present some recent original data that support the contention that sex differences in vulnerability to depression may be evident prior to adolescence.