Winged Fruits of Friisifructus aligeri gen. et sp. nov. from the Late Cretaceous of Western North America
Winged Fruits of Friisifructus aligeri gen. et sp. nov. from the Late Cretaceous of Western North America
复制标题
DOI：
10.1086/724745
复制
发表时间：
2023-05-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Atkinson，Brian A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tang，Keana K.;Smith，Selena Y.;Atkinson，Brian A.
研究前提：现存被子植物之间亲缘关系尚未确定的 化石花果可能代表已灭绝的科或目。对这类化石的刻画和系统评价无疑将加深我们对已灭绝被子植物多样性的理解，这对于重建被子植物在深部的演化至关重要。在此，我们报道了华盛顿州苏西亚岛坎帕尼亚(∼82-80 Ma)沉积的两个三维保存的有翼水果，它们代表了一个新属。我们探索了该属相对于被子植物系统发育中的高等类群的潜在系统发育关系。方法论。 利用显微计算机断层扫描(μCT)扫描和光学显微镜对这些化石进行了研究。从μ的CT扫描中创建了一个有翼水果的三维重建。采用叶绿体扫描法对有翅果实的系统位置进行了评价。利用重建的方法，将这些化石水果与现存的被子植物和灭绝的有翼水果进行比较，以评估潜在的亲和力。透视结果： μCT扫描和有翼水果的重建显示出一个五角形的花被，五对翅，两轮宿存雄蕊，五个半圆形蜜腺垫，一个下位单房室，花柱有三个花柱分枝。叶状扫描分析恢复了玫瑰花分支中的有翅果实，但由于花和果实的形态不同，它们不能归属于组内任何现存的科或目。结论. 有翅果实被归属于黑翅果属。ET sp.11月这个新的属和种增加了白垩纪有翼水果的多样性，这是相对罕见的。此外，该属的独特形态表明，该属可能属于一个已灭绝的玫瑰科。
Premise of research. Fossil flowers and fruits with unresolved affinities among extant angiosperms may potentially represent extinct families or orders. The characterization and systematic assessments of such fossils will undoubtedly further our understanding of extinct angiosperm diversity, which is crucial for reconstructing the evolution of angiosperms in deep time. Here, we report two three-dimensionally preserved winged fruits from Campanian (∼82–80 Ma) deposits on Sucia Island, Washington State, that represent a new genus. We explore potential phylogenetic relationships of this genus relative to higher taxa across the angiosperm phylogeny.Methodology. The fossils were studied using microcomputed tomography (μCT) scanning and light microscopy. A three-dimensional reconstruction of one winged fruit was created from the μCT scans. The phyloscan method was used to assess the systematic positions of the winged fruits. Using the reconstruction, the fossil fruits were compared to extant angiosperms and extinct winged fruits to assess potential affinities.Pivotal results. The μCT scans and reconstruction of the winged fruit reveal a pentamerous perianth, five pairs of fin-wings, two whorls of persistent stamens, five semicircular nectary pads, an inferior unilocular ovary, and a style with three stylar branches. Phyloscan analyses recover the winged fruits within the rosid clade, but they cannot be assigned to any extant family or order within the group because of differing floral and fruit morphologies.Conclusions. The winged fruits are assigned toFriisifructus aligerigen. et sp. nov. This new genus and species add to the diversity of winged fruits from the Cretaceous, which are relatively uncommon. Moreover, the unique morphology ofFriisifructusindicates that this genus may belong to an extinct family of rosids.