The roles of echolocation and olfaction in two Neotropical fruit-eating bats, Carollia perspicillata and C-castanea, feeding on Piper
The roles of echolocation and olfaction in two Neotropical fruit-eating bats, Carollia perspicillata and C-castanea, feeding on Piper
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DOI：
10.1007/s002650050454
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发表时间：
1998-06-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Schnitzler, HU
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thies, W;Kalko, EKV;Schnitzler, HU
本文研究了两种新热带果食性叶鼻蝙蝠（Carollia perspicillata， C. castanea: Phyllostomidae）在飞行笼中的回声定位和觅食行为。为了测试卡罗莱娜用什么线索来检测、识别和定位成熟的胡椒果（它们喜欢的天然食物），我们在半自然条件下对成熟、未成熟和人工水果进行了实验。我们首先向蝙蝠提供成熟的果实，并使用多闪光灯立体摄影结合同步录音记录它们的觅食行为。这两个物种都表现出相似的、刻板的觅食模式。在搜索飞行中，蝙蝠在飞行笼中盘旋，寻找有成熟果实的树枝。在找到这样的树枝后，蝙蝠转变为接近行为，包括多次探索飞行和最终接近，蝙蝠在飞行中捡起顶端的水果并将其撕下。我们的行为实验表明，气味在卡罗莱娅找到成熟水果的过程中起着重要作用。在觅食过程中，卡罗莱亚经常进行回声定位，产生宽带宽、高频率、短持续时间、低强度的多谐调频信号。我们区分了定向阶段（每次拍翼主要有一个脉冲）和接近阶段（每次拍翼有两到六个脉冲）。我们从蝙蝠对真实水果和人造水果的行为反应以及它们回声定位行为的特征模式得出结论，在探索飞行过程中，Carollia从主要以气味为导向的成熟水果的探测和初始定位转变为主要以回声为导向的水果位置最终定位。
We studied the echolocation and foraging behavior of two Neotropical frugivorous leaf-nosed bats (Carollia perspicillata, C. castanea: Phyllostomidae) in a flight cage. To test which cues Carollia uses to detect, identify, and localize ripe Piper fruit, their preferred natural food, we conducted experiments under seminatural conditions with ripe, unripe, and artifical fruits. We first offered the bats ripe fruits and documented their foraging behavior using multiflash stereophotography combined with simultaneous sound recordings. Both species showed a similar, stereotyped foraging pattern. In search flight, the bats circled through the flight cage in search of a branch with ripe fruit. After finding such a branch, the bats switched to approach behavior, consisting of multiple exploration flights and the final approach when the bats picked up the fruit at its tip and tore it off in flight. Our behavioral experiments revealed that odor plays an important role in enabling Carollia to find ripe fruit. While foraging, Carollia always echolocated and produced multiharmonic, frequency-modulated (FM) signals of broad bandwidth, high frequency, short duration, and low intensity. We discriminated an orientation phase (mostly a single pulse per wingbeat) and an approach phase (groups of two to six pulses per wing beat). We conclude from the bats' behavioral reaction to real and artificial fruit as well as from characteristic patterns in their echolocation behavior that during exploration flights, Carollia changes from primarily odor-oriented detection and initial localization of ripe fruit to a primarily echo-oriented final localization of the position of the fruit.