How big should this object be? Perceptual influences on viewing-size preferences
How big should this object be? Perceptual influences on viewing-size preferences
复制标题
这个物体应该有多大？
DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105114
复制
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Konkle, Talia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Yi-Chia;Deza, Arturo;Konkle, Talia
当观察框架中描绘的物体时，观察者更喜欢看到大的物体，比如大一点的汽车，小一点的物体，比如小一点的杯子。也就是说，“看起来最好”的物体的视觉尺寸与它在世界上的典型物理尺寸有关。为什么会这样呢？一种直观的可能性是，这些偏好是由语义知识驱动的：例如，当我们识别一个沙发时，我们访问了关于它的真实尺寸的知识，这影响了我们在框架中更喜欢的沙发尺寸。然而，视觉处理是否在这一现象中发挥了作用——也就是说，与大物体和小物体相关的视觉特征在大尺寸和小尺寸的视觉尺寸下看起来更好，即使观察者没有明确的关于物体的语义知识？为了测试这种可能性，我们使用了“texform”图像，这是可识别物体的合成版本，它严格保留了局部感知纹理和粗轮廓信息，但不再是明确可识别的。为了测试视觉尺寸偏好，我们首先使用了尺寸调整任务，结果是模棱两可的。然而，使用双间隔强制选择任务，每个文本以其对应的原始图像的首选视觉尺寸和略大或略小的视觉尺寸呈现，得到了清晰的结果。观察者一致地选择以标准视觉尺寸呈现的文本作为更美观的文本。另一项对照实验排除了与尺寸启动效应相关的其他解释。这些结果表明，物体的首选视觉尺寸不仅取决于对其真实尺寸的明确认识，而且还可以由与物体真实尺寸系统共变的中级视觉特征引起。
When viewing objects depicted in a frame, observers prefer to view large objects like cars in larger sizes and smaller objects like cups in smaller sizes. That is, the visual size of an object that “looks best” is linked to its typical physical size in the world. Why is this the case? One intuitive possibility is that these preferences are driven by semantic knowledge: For example, when we recognize a sofa, we access our knowledge about its real-world size, and this influences what size we prefer to view the sofa within a frame. However, might visual processing play a role in this phenomenon—that is, do visual features that are related to big and small objects look better at big and small visual sizes, respectively, even when observers do not have explicit access to semantic knowledge about the objects? To test this possibility, we used “texform” images, which are synthesized versions of recognizable objects, which critically retain local perceptual texture and coarse contour information, but are no longer explicitly recognizable. To test for visual size preferences, we first used a size adjustment task, and the results were equivocal. However, clear results were obtained using a two-interval forced choice task, in which each texform was presented at the preferred visual size of its corresponding original image, and a visual size slightly bigger or smaller. Observers consistently selected the texform presented at the canonical visual size as the more aesthetically pleasing one. An additional control experiment ruled out alternative explanations related to size priming effects. These results suggest that the preferred visual size of an object depends not only on explicit knowledge of its real-world size, but also can be evoked by mid-level visual features that systematically covary with an object's real-world size.
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