Quantitative Visualization and Detection of Skin Cancer Using Dynamic Thermal Imaging
Quantitative Visualization and Detection of Skin Cancer Using Dynamic Thermal Imaging
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DOI：
10.3791/2679
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Cetingul, Muge Pirtini
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Herman, Cila;Cetingul, Muge Pirtini
2010年，仅在美国就将诊断出约68，720例黑色素瘤，其中约8，650例导致死亡（1）。迄今为止，黑色素瘤的唯一有效治疗方法仍然是手术切除，因此，延长生存期的关键是早期检测（2，3）。考虑到每年诊断的患者数量庞大，以及快速获得专业护理的局限性，开发客观的体内诊断仪器以帮助诊断至关重要。许多实验室正在探索检测皮肤癌的新技术，特别是非侵入性诊断工具。沿着手术方法，正在测试诸如数字摄影、皮肤镜检查、多光谱成像系统（MelaFind）、基于激光的系统（共焦扫描激光显微镜、激光多普勒灌注成像、光学相干断层扫描）、超声、磁共振成像等技术。每种技术都有其独特的优点和缺点，其中许多都在有效性和准确性与易用性和成本考虑之间做出了妥协。有关这些技术和比较的详细信息可在文献中获得（4）。红外（IR）成像被证明是通过测量局部皮肤温度来诊断某些疾病体征的有用方法。有大量的证据表明，疾病或偏离正常功能伴随着体温的变化，这再次影响皮肤的温度（5，6）。关于人体和皮肤温度的准确数据可以提供大量关于热量产生和温度调节过程的信息，特别是通常由疾病引起的与正常条件的偏差。然而，由于几十年前该技术的过早使用（7，8），当温度测量精度和空间分辨率不足且无法获得复杂的图像处理工具时，红外成像在医学中尚未得到广泛认可。这种情况在20世纪90年代末至21世纪初发生了巨大变化。红外仪器的进步，数字图像处理算法和动态红外成像的实现，使科学家不仅能够分析皮肤的空间，而且还可以分析皮肤的时间热行为（9），使该领域取得突破。在我们的研究中，我们探索红外成像的可行性，结合理论和实验研究，作为一种成本效益高，非侵入性，用于肿瘤检测的体内光学测量技术，重点是黑色素瘤的筛查和早期检测（10-13）。在这项研究中，我们展示了一项患者研究中获得的数据，该研究选择了具有活检临床指征的色素性病变患者进行成像。我们比较了健康和恶性组织之间的热反应差异，并将我们的数据与活检结果进行了比较。我们的结论是，增加的代谢活动的黑色素瘤病变可以检测到动态红外成像。
In 2010 approximately 68,720 melanomas will be diagnosed in the US alone, with around 8,650 resulting in death(1). To date, the only effective treatment for melanoma remains surgical excision, therefore, the key to extended survival is early detection(2,3). Considering the large numbers of patients diagnosed every year and the limitations in accessing specialized care quickly, the development of objective in vivo diagnostic instruments to aid the diagnosis is essential. New techniques to detect skin cancer, especially non-invasive diagnostic tools, are being explored in numerous laboratories. Along with the surgical methods, techniques such as digital photography, dermoscopy, multispectral imaging systems (MelaFind), laser-based systems (confocal scanning laser microscopy, laser doppler perfusion imaging, optical coherence tomography), ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, are being tested. Each technique offers unique advantages and disadvantages, many of which pose a compromise between effectiveness and accuracy versus ease of use and cost considerations. Details about these techniques and comparisons are available in the literature(4).Infrared (IR) imaging was shown to be a useful method to diagnose the signs of certain diseases by measuring the local skin temperature. There is a large body of evidence showing that disease or deviation from normal functioning are accompanied by changes of the temperature of the body, which again affect the temperature of the skin(5,6). Accurate data about the temperature of the human body and skin can provide a wealth of information on the processes responsible for heat generation and thermoregulation, in particular the deviation from normal conditions, often caused by disease. However, IR imaging has not been widely recognized in medicine due to the premature use of the technology(7,8) several decades ago, when temperature measurement accuracy and the spatial resolution were inadequate and sophisticated image processing tools were unavailable. This situation changed dramatically in the late 1990s-2000s. Advances in IR instrumentation, implementation of digital image processing algorithms and dynamic IR imaging, which enables scientists to analyze not only the spatial, but also the temporal thermal behavior of the skin(9), allowed breakthroughs in the field.In our research, we explore the feasibility of IR imaging, combined with theoretical and experimental studies, as a cost effective, non-invasive, in vivo optical measurement technique for tumor detection, with emphasis on the screening and early detection of melanoma(10-13). In this study, we show data obtained in a patient study in which patients that possess a pigmented lesion with a clinical indication for biopsy are selected for imaging. We compared the difference in thermal responses between healthy and malignant tissue and compared our data with biopsy results. We concluded that the increased metabolic activity of the melanoma lesion can be detected by dynamic infrared imaging.