Toward open behavioral science.
Toward open behavioral science.
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DOI：
10.1080/1047840x.2012.705133
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
9.3
通讯作者：
Millman D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adolph KE;Gilmore RO;Freeman C;Sanderson P;Millman D
Brian A. Nosek和Yoav Bar-Anan（本期）描述了三种传统的科学方法：研究人员可以独立，对抗或合作。还有第四种方式正在出现：科学家可以公开运作。在他们的科学乌托邦愿景中，Nosek和Bar-Anan呼吁增加同行评审和期刊访问的开放性。通过开放审查过程，并为每个人提供免费的数字访问已发表的论文，交流和传播信息的过程将成为一个持续的对话，而不是在未发表的手稿中发表的独白，或者被提交，审查，出版和随后的评论和后续研究之间的无休止的沉默期隔开的对话。通过公开审查和更快的访问，更多的人可以参与这一进程，并将他们的贡献归功于他们，科学将从中受益。学术的其他领域也将从开放中受益。MediaCommons Network是媒体、文化和传播研究领域的纯数字期刊（mediacommons）。书的未来org）鼓励丰富的公开审查过程。人文学科的学者开始在印刷出版之前邀请公众对专著进行审查（Cohen，2010）。纽约大学、伊利诺伊大学和其他地方的图书馆科学家正在开发技术标准，以允许复杂的学术评论结构，如小组评审和分层评审对话。我们有一个乌托邦式开放的互补愿景开放数据共享，研究人员将数据贡献给安全的存储库，并可以浏览和下载感兴趣的存储文件。开放数据共享在发育科学中尤为重要，因为婴儿、幼儿和特殊人群的数据收集困难且昂贵，许多纵向和临床研究包含无法复制的独特数据。发育科学家之间数据共享的一个主要机会是对录像的广泛依赖。大多数发展心理学家，临床医生，治疗师和运动科学家依赖视频作为他们的主要数据收集方法，因为它成本低，易于使用，并忠实地呈现行为发展的丰富性和复杂性。然而，分析可能性的财富在很大程度上仍未开发，因为发展科学家没有挖掘他们自己的视频数据的丰富性，也没有参与视频文件的开放共享。出版后，这些基本上没有得到充分利用的视频静静地放在书架上。通过开放视频数据共享，对行为研究的大量公共投资可以充分发挥其潜力。这些开放的乌托邦可能吗？关于开放获取和同行评审，Nosek和Bar-Anan指出了arXiv（arxiv. org）和社会科学研究网络（ssrn。com），为研究人员提供在物理学、数学、认知科学、经济学和其他科学社区发表之前开放获取手稿的机会。此外，原始数据的开放共享是物理、生物医学和地球科学中的常见做法，在生物和社会科学中也在不断增长。神经科学中共享知识库的例子包括生物医学信息学研究网络（www. birncommunity. org）和国际电生理学癫痫数据门户（braintrust.有中浪厄本edu/）;行为/社会
Brian A. Nosek and Yoav Bar-Anan (this issue) describe three traditional ways of doing science: Researchers can operate independently, antagonistically, or collaboratively. There is also an emerging fourth way: Scientists can operate openly. In their vision of scientific utopia, Nosek and Bar-Anan call for increased openness in peer review and journal access. By opening up the review process and providing everyone with free digital access to published papers, the process of communicating and disseminating information would become a continuous conversation rather than a monologue delivered into the void of unpublished manuscripts or a dialogue separated by interminable periods of silence between submission, review, publication, and subsequent commentaries and follow-up studies. With open review and faster access, more people could be part of the process and credited with their contributions, and science would benefit. Other areas of scholarship stand to benefit from openness. The MediaCommons Network family of digital-only journals in Media, Culture, and Communications Studies (mediacommons. futureofthebook. org) encourages a rich and public review process. Scholars in the humanities are beginning to invite public review of monographs prior to print publication (Cohen, 2010). Library scientists at New York University, the University of Illinois, and elsewhere are developing technical standards that permit complex scholarly commentary structures, such as group review and hierarchical review conversation. We have a complementary vision of utopian openness—open data sharing, where researchers contribute data to a secure repository and can browse and download deposited files of interest. Open data sharing is especially important in developmental science where data from infants, young children, and special populations are difficult and expensive to collect, and many longitudinal and clinical studies contain unique data that cannot be readily replicated. A primary opportunity for data sharing among developmental scientists concerns the widespread reliance on video recording. Most developmental psychologists, clinicians, therapists, and movement scientists rely on video as their primary data collection method because it is low cost, is easy to use, and faithfully renders the richness and complexity of behavioral development. However, the wealth of analytic possibilities remains largely untapped because developmental scientists do not mine the richness of their own video data or engage in open sharing of video files. After publication, the largely underused videos molder quietly on a shelf. With open video data sharing, substantial public investments in behavioral research could yield their full potential. Are these utopias of openness possible? With regard to open access and peer review, Nosek and Bar-Anan point to the notable success of arXiv (arxiv. org) and the Social Science Research Network (ssrn. com) that provide researchers with open access to manuscripts prior to publication in physics, math, cognitive science, economics, and other scientific communities. In addition, open sharing of raw data is common practice in the physical, biomedical, and earth sciences, and it is growing in the biological and social sciences. Examples of sharing repositories in neuroscience include the Biomedical Informatics Research Network (www. birncommunity. org) and the International Electrophysiology Epilepsy Data Portal (braintrust. seas. upenn. edu/); examples in the behavioral/social