A flexible ramping product: Can it help real-time dispatch markets approach the stochastic dispatch ideal?
A flexible ramping product: Can it help real-time dispatch markets approach the stochastic dispatch ideal?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.epsr.2013.12.009
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发表时间：
2014-04
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Beibei Wang;B. Hobbs
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Beibei Wang;B. Hobbs
美国独立系统运营商（ISO）正在为所谓的“灵活坡道”创造短期市场。这些市场的目标是确保有足够的灵活发电能力在线管理可再生能源增长带来的日益波动的净负荷。特别是，我们假设的目的是提高预期的性能，在成本，价格和可靠性方面，ISO的确定性市场模型。因此，我们比较了（1）模拟ISO操作的具有灵活性约束的确定性调度模型与（2）随机调度模型的解决方案，根据定义，随机调度模型获得最小化预期成本的调度。调度，价格，结算和市场效率进行了对比，在一个简化的案例研究，探索成功（和失败）的flexiramp市场的根本原因。研究结果说明了flexiramp如何提高市场效率。然而，它们也表明，采购灵活坡道不足以最大限度地减少预期成本，市场参数影响解决方案的质量。模拟结果还表明，确定性市场与flexiramp可以产生更高或更低的价格比随机最优。我们提出了一种基于惩罚的方法，以减轻可能的偏见，选择高能源成本的能力，以提供flexiramp，并得出结论，市场运营商将需要监测市场表现和调整flexiramp参数，以最大限度地提高市场效率。
U.S. Independent System Operators (ISOs) are creating short-run markets for so-called “flexiramp”. The aim of these markets is to ensure that enough flexible generation capacity is on-line to manage the increasingly volatile net loads resulting from growth in renewable energy. In particular, we assume that the purpose of flexiramp is to improve the expected performance, in terms of costs, prices, and reliability, of the ISOs’ deterministic market models. Therefore, we compare the solutions of (1) a deterministic dispatch model with a flexiramp constraint that simulates ISO operations with (2) a stochastic dispatch model that, by definition, obtains schedules that minimize expected cost. Dispatch, prices, settlements, and market efficiency are contrasted in a simplified case study to explore the fundamental reasons for successes (and failures) of flexiramp markets. The results illustrate how flexiramp can enhance market efficiency. However, they also show that procuring flexiramp is insufficient to minimize expected costs, and that market parameters affect the quality of the solutions. The simulations furthermore show that deterministic markets with flexiramp can yield either higher or lower prices than the stochastic optimum. We propose a penalty-based approach to mitigate possible biases towards choosing capacity with high energy costs to provide flexiramp, and conclude that market operators will need to monitor market performance and adjust flexiramp parameters in order to maximize market efficiency.