Rethinking Familiarity: Remember/Know Judgments in Free Recall.
Rethinking Familiarity: Remember/Know Judgments in Free Recall.
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重新思考熟悉度：在自由回忆中记住/知道判断。
DOI：
10.1016/j.jml.2013.01.001
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Wixted,JohnT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mickes,Laura;Seale-Carlisle,TravisM;Wixted,JohnT
虽然经常与识别一起使用，但一些研究使用了自由回忆的记住/知道程序。在每一种情况下，参与者都对大量回忆起的项目（基于熟悉程度而可能没有记住的项目）做出了“知道”判断。这些知识判断是什么意思？我们使用源记忆/自由回忆程序调查了这个问题。对于每个被回忆的单词，参与者被要求（a）在5点量表上进行置信度评级，（B）做出记住/知道的判断，以及（c）选择来源细节。绝大多数的记忆判断和知道的判断都具有高的信心和高的准确性，但源记忆的记忆判断仍然高于知道的判断。这些源记忆的结果对应于什么是使用识别发现，他们提出的可能性，知道判断自由回忆识别线索依赖检索的项目，只有信息从情节记忆搜索集。与这个想法一致，我们还发现，自由回忆的时间动态对于高置信度的记住和高置信度的知道判断是相似的（就好像这两种判断反映了从同一个搜索集检索）。如果自由回忆中的“知道”判断确实反映了对只有项目信息的情景提取，那么我们有理由假设，再认中的高置信度“知道”判断也可能是如此。如果是这样的话，那么关于海马体在回忆和熟悉中的作用的长期争论可能会有一个自然的解决方案。
Although frequently used with recognition, a few studies have used the Remember/Know procedure with free recall. In each case, participants gave Know judgments to a significant number of recalled items (items that were presumably not remembered on the basis of familiarity). What do these Know judgments mean? We investigated this issue using a source memory/free-recall procedure. For each word that was recalled, participants were asked to (a) make a confidence rating on a 5-point scale, (b) make a Remember/Know judgment, and (c) recollect a source detail. The large majority of both Remember judgments and Know judgments were made with high confidence and high accuracy, but source memory was nevertheless higher for Remember judgments than for Know judgments. These source memory results correspond to what is found using recognition, and they raise the possibility that Know judgments in free recall identify the cue-dependent retrieval of item-only information from an episodic memory search set. In agreement with this idea, we also found that the temporal dynamics of free recall were similar for high-confidence Remember and high-confidence Know judgments (as if both judgments reflected retrieval from the same search set). If Know judgments in free recall do in fact reflect the episodic retrieval of item-only information, it seems reasonable to suppose that the same might be true of high-confidence Know judgments in recognition. If so, then a longstanding debate about the role of the hippocampus in recollection and familiarity may have a natural resolution.