The Spatial Focus of Attention Is Controlled at Perceptual and Cognitive Levels
The Spatial Focus of Attention Is Controlled at Perceptual and Cognitive Levels
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DOI：
10.1037/a0020367
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发表时间：
2010-10-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Linnell, Karina J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Caparos, Serge;Linnell, Karina J.
假设选择性注意可以分别在知觉和知觉后水平上减少干扰物干扰（Lavie，2005），通过将知觉资源集中在关注的位置上，并在知觉后水平上阻止在知觉选择中幸存下来的干扰物。这项研究使用侧翼范式（Eriksen & St. James，1986）测量了负载对这些选择机制的影响，并将干扰器干扰索引为分离的函数。它将分离的干扰干扰函数的焦点程度的变化（反映知觉选择）与不伴随焦点变化的干扰干扰幅度的变化（反映知觉选择后）区分开来。结果表明：（一）感知资源的空间轮廓呈“墨西哥帽”形状（Muller等，2005）； （2）增加感知负荷集中感知资源（Caparos & Linnell，2009）； (3) 认知负荷的增加会分散知觉资源的注意力；(4) 工作记忆广度缩短的参与者表现出对干扰物的知觉后阻塞的减少。虽然这些发现与选择性注意的两个水平一致，但它们表明第一个知觉水平不仅受到知觉的影响，而且还受到认知控制机制的影响。
Selective attention has been hypothesized to reduce distractor interference at both perceptual and postperceptual levels (Lavie, 2005), respectively, by focusing perceptual resources on the attended location and by blocking at postperceptual levels distractors that survive perceptual selection. This study measured the impact of load on these selection mechanisms using a flanker paradigm (Eriksen & St. James, 1986) and indexing distractor interference as a function of separation. It distinguished changes in the extent of focus of the distractor-interference function of separation (reflecting perceptual selection) from changes in the amplitude of distractor interference not accompanied by changes in focus (reflecting postperceptual selection). It showed that: ( I) the spatial profile of perceptual resources is shaped like a "Mexican hat" (Muller et al., 2005); (2) increasing perceptual load focuses perceptual resources (Caparos & Linnell, 2009); (3) increasing cognitive load defocuses perceptual resources: and (4) participants with reduced working-memory span show reduced postperceptual blocking of distractors. While these findings are consistent with two levels of selective attention, they show that the first perceptual level is affected not only by perceptual but also by cognitive-control mechanisms.