Laser-induced-breakdown-spectroscopy-based detection of metal particles released into the air during combustion of solid propellants.
Laser-induced-breakdown-spectroscopy-based detection of metal particles released into the air during combustion of solid propellants.
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DOI：
10.1364/ao.57.001910
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发表时间：
2018-03
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
M. O’Neil;Nicholas Niemiec;A. Demko;E. Petersen;W. Kulatilaka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. O’Neil;Nicholas Niemiec;A. Demko;E. Petersen;W. Kulatilaka
许多金属和金属化合物经常被添加到推进剂和炸药中，以调整其性能，如热释放率和比冲。当这些材料燃烧时，这些金属会释放到空气中，造成不利的健康影响，如肺和心血管疾病，颗粒物引起的过敏和癌症。因此，需要强大的，现场部署的方法来检测和量化这些悬浮在空气中的金属颗粒，确定其来源，并制定缓解策略。激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）是一种用于元素检测的技术，通常用于固体和液体。在这项研究中，我们探讨了纳秒持续时间LIBS检测空气中的金属固体推进剂股反应过程中，导致添加剂的铝（Al），铜，铅，硬脂酸铅，氯化汞。使用10纳秒持续时间10赫兹，Nd：YAG激光器的二次谐波，等离子体中产生的气相排气羽流燃烧推进剂股含有目标金属。在目前的实验条件下，ns-LIBS方案能够检测到铝的浓度为5%，10%和16%的推进剂股的重量。随着重量百分比的增加，LIBS信号被更多的激光照射检测到，直到系统从不均匀过渡到颗粒更均匀分布的点。进一步的测量和增加对反应流场的理解是必要的，以量化除Al之外的其他金属添加剂的影响。
Numerous metals and metal compounds are often added to propellants and explosives to tailor their properties such as heat release rate and specific impulse. When these materials combust, these metals can be released into the air, causing adverse health effects such as pulmonary and cardiovascular disease, particulate-matter-induced allergies, and cancer. Hence, robust, field-deployable methods are needed to detect and quantify these suspended metallic particles in air, identify their sources, and develop mitigation strategies. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a technique for elemental detection, commonly used on solids and liquids. In this study, we explored nanosecond-duration LIBS for detecting airborne metals during reactions of solid propellant strands, resulting from additives of aluminum (Al), copper, lead, lead stearate, and mercury chloride. Using the second harmonic of a 10-ns-duration 10-Hz, Nd:YAG laser, plasma was generated in the gas-phase exhaust plume of burning propellant strands containing the target metals. Under the current experimental conditions, the ns-LIBS scheme was capable of detecting Al at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 16% by weight in the propellant strand. As the weight percentage increased, the LIBS signal was detected by more laser shots, up to a point where the system transition from being nonhomogeneous to a more-uniform distribution of particles. Further measurements and increased understanding of the reacting flow field are necessary to quantify the effects of other metal additives besides Al.