Efficacy of Cover Crops for Pollinator Habitat Provision and Weed Suppression
Efficacy of Cover Crops for Pollinator Habitat Provision and Weed Suppression
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DOI：
10.1093/ee/nvaa159
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发表时间：
2021-01-13
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Gage, Karla L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bryan, Casey J.;Sipes, Sedonia D.;Gage, Karla L.
传粉昆虫的减少在全球范围内都有记录，但关于美国中西部农业中的本土蜜蜂生态的信息却很少。该项目旨在优化传粉昆虫的支持和在3年作物轮作中的杂草抑制。在休耕期间，五种覆盖作物处理之一（T1：深红、红和拉迪诺三叶草和鲍勃燕麦[蚕豆目：豆科-红车轴草L.，红车轴草，白三叶，Cyperales：禾本科-燕麦T2：深红色三叶草和燕麦; T3：红色三叶草和燕麦;T4：拉迪诺三叶草和燕麦; T5：无覆盖作物;T6/对照：冬小麦[莎草目：禾本科-小麦] L.）在25个农田中的一半播种，而小麦在另一半不收获作为比较。处理，提供了整个季节的花卉资源支持最大的蜜蜂多样性和丰富度（T1），和处理与红三叶草支持下降（Hyprattera：Apidae）熊蜂物种（T1和T3）。晚季花资源可能是重要的，但有限的（T1和T4），和一些种类的农业杂草提供花资源。花的多样性可能不如花的丰富度或授粉的时间的多样性（T1-T4）。杂草的多样性是最大的无覆盖作物处理（T5），最小的冬小麦（T6），和中间的覆盖作物处理（T1-T4）的杂草的经济关注没有差异。小麦抑制杂草，但不为传粉者提供花卉资源。这些结果也可能适用于边际土地采取的耕作或田间边缘授粉种植在一个典型的玉米-大豆轮作。整个景观的花卉资源的可用性是至关重要的，以保持传粉者的多样性。
Pollinator declines have been documented globally, but little information is available about native bee ecology in Midwestern U.S. agriculture.This project seeks to optimize pollinator support and weed suppression in a 3-yr crop rotation with a fallow growing season. During fallow, one of five cover crop treatments (T1: crimson, red, and ladino clover and Bob oats [Fabales: Fabaceae - Trifolium incarnatum L., Trifolium pratense L., Trifolium repens L., and Cyperales: Poaceae - Avena sativa T2: crimson clover and oats; T3: red clover and oats;T4: ladino clover and oats; T5: no cover crop;T6/control: winter wheat [Cyperales: Poaceae - Triticum aestivum] L.) was seeded in one-half of 25 agricultural fields, whereas wheat was left unharvested in the other half as a comparison.Treatments that provide season-long floral resources support the greatest bee diversity and abundance (T1), and treatments with red clover support declining (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Bombus species (T1 andT3). Late-season floral resources may be important, yet limited (T1 andT4), and some species of agricultural weeds provide floral resources. Floral diversity may be less important than flower abundance or timing for pollinator diversity (T1-T4).Weed diversity was greatest in the no cover crop treatment (T5), least in winter wheat (T6), and intermediate in cover crop treatments (T1-T4) with no differences in weeds of economic concern. Wheat suppresses weeds but does not provide floral resources for pollinators. These results may also be applicable to marginal lands taken out of cultivation or field margin pollinator plantings in a typical corn-soybean rotation. Floral resource availability across the landscape is critical to maintain pollinator diversity.