Graphene-based composite materials
Graphene-based composite materials
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DOI：
10.1038/nature04969
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发表时间：
2006-07-20
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Ruoff, Rodney S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stankovich, Sasha;Dikin, Dmitriy A.;Ruoff, Rodney S.
石墨烯薄片--一个原子那么厚的二维sp(2)键合碳层--预计将具有一系列不同寻常的性质。它们的热导率和机械硬度可能与石墨的显著面内值(分别类似于3,000 W m(-1)K-1和1,060 Gpa)相媲美；对于类似类型的缺陷，它们的断裂强度应与碳纳米管相当(1-3)；最近的研究表明，单个石墨烯薄片具有非凡的电子传输性能(4-8)。利用这些特性应用的一种可能途径是在复合材料中加入石墨烯薄片。这种复合材料的制造不仅需要以足够的规模生产石墨烯薄片，而且还需要将它们并入并均匀分布到各种基质中。不幸的是，价格低廉、可大量获得的石墨不容易剥离，从而产生单独的石墨烯薄片。在这里，我们提出了一种制备石墨烯-聚合物复合材料的一般方法，方法是完全剥离石墨(9)，并在聚合物主体中分散单独的、经过化学修饰的石墨烯薄片。用这种方法制备的聚苯乙烯-石墨烯复合材料的室温电导率的渗流阈值(10)类似于0.1%的体积百分比，这是除了涉及碳纳米管的复合材料(11)之外所有碳基复合材料中报道的最低值；该复合材料的电导率仅为1%，与0.1%的S m(-1)相似，足以满足许多电气应用(12)。我们自下而上调整石墨烯片材性质的化学方法为基于石墨烯的材料及其在各种应用中的使用提供了一条新的途径。
Graphene sheets - one- atom-thick two-dimensional layers of sp(2)-bonded carbon - are predicted to have a range of unusual properties. Their thermal conductivity and mechanical stiffness may rival the remarkable in-plane values for graphite (similar to 3,000 W m(-1) K-1 and 1,060 GPa, respectively); their fracture strength should be comparable to that of carbon nanotubes for similar types of defects(1-3); and recent studies have shown that individual graphene sheets have extraordinary electronic transport properties(4-8). One possible route to harnessing these properties for applications would be to incorporate graphene sheets in a composite material. The manufacturing of such composites requires not only that graphene sheets be produced on a sufficient scale but that they also be incorporated, and homogeneously distributed, into various matrices. Graphite, inexpensive and available in large quantity, unfortunately does not readily exfoliate to yield individual graphene sheets. Here we present a general approach for the preparation of graphene-polymer composites via complete exfoliation of graphite(9) and molecular-level dispersion of individual, chemically modified graphene sheets within polymer hosts. A polystyrene - graphene composite formed by this route exhibits a percolation threshold(10) of similar to 0.1 volume per cent for room-temperature electrical conductivity, the lowest reported value for any carbon-based composite except for those involving carbon nanotubes(11); at only 1 volume per cent, this composite has a conductivity of similar to 0.1 S m(-1), sufficient for many electrical applications(12). Our bottom-up chemical approach of tuning the graphene sheet properties provides a path to a broad new class of graphene-based materials and their use in a variety of applications.