NUTRIENT INTAKE AND HEALTH-STATUS OF VEGANS - CHEMICAL-ANALYSES OF DIETS USING THE DUPLICATE PORTION SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
NUTRIENT INTAKE AND HEALTH-STATUS OF VEGANS - CHEMICAL-ANALYSES OF DIETS USING THE DUPLICATE PORTION SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/34.11.2464
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发表时间：
1981-01-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
OCKERMAN, PA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
ABDULLA, M;ANDERSSON, I;OCKERMAN, PA
对严格的素食饮食[纯素饮食(VD)]进行了调查。中年纯素食者(3名男性和3名女性)使用重复部分抽样技术收集24小时饮食副本。通过化学分析，详细测定了营养成分，并与正常混合瑞典饮食的相应数据进行了比较。在VD中，30%的能量来自脂肪，而在正常的瑞典混合饮食(MD)中，这一比例为40%。亚油酸是主要脂肪酸(VD组占总脂肪的60%，MD组为8%)。与MD的30g/1000千卡相比，VD的蛋白质含量为24g/1000kcal，但纯素食者的必需氨基酸摄入量超过了推荐值。膳食纤维为.apprx。纯素饮食(29克/1000千卡比6克/1000千卡)和蔗糖类似MD(18克/1000千卡比21克/1000千卡)高5倍。在无机营养素中，钙(351vs.391 mg/1000kcal)和钠(53vs.49 mmol/1000kcal)的含量相似，但钾(56vs.30 mmol/1000kcal)、镁(300vs.110 mg/1000kcal)、铁(9vs.6.5 mg/1000kcal)、锌(6.5vs.4.7 mg/1000kcal)和铜(2vs.0.7 mg/1000kcal)的含量几乎翻了一番。在VD中，碘(39比156微克/1000千卡)和硒(5比17微克/1000千卡)低得多，甚至在几种24小时饮食中都检测不到硒。VD富含叶酸(301vs.90u.g/1000kcal)，但维生素B12的摄入量仅为0.3-0.4ug/天(MD：3-4u.g/天)。在纯素食者中没有观察到营养缺乏的临床迹象。纯素食者的血清蛋白水平以及他们的血清脂蛋白水平接近参考组的下限。此外，这些纯素食者都没有超重，他们的血压相对于他们的年龄来说都很低。
A strict vegetarian diet [vegan diet (VD)] was investigated. Middle-aged vegans (3 men and 3 women) collected copies of 24-h diets using the duplicate portion sampling technique. By chemical analyses, the nutrient composition was determined in detail and compared with corresponding figures of a normal mixed Swedish diet. In the VD 30% of the energy originated from fat compared with 40% in normal Swedish mixed diet (MD). Linoleic acid was the dominant fatty acid (60% of total fat in VD vs. 8% in MD). The VD contained 24 g protein/1000 kcal compared to 30 g/1000 kcal in MD, but the intake of essential amino acids by the vegans exceeded the recommendations. Dietary fiber was .apprx. 5 times higher in the vegan diet (29 vs. 6 g/1000 kcal) and sucrose similar to MD (18 vs. 21 g/1000 kcal). Among the inorganic nutrients the concentrations of Ca (351 vs. 391 mg/1000 kcal) and Na (53 vs. 49 mmol/1000 kcal) were similar in both types of diets but the amount of K (56 vs. 30 mmol/1000 kcal), Mg (300 vs. 110 mg/1000 kcal), Fe (9 vs. 6.5 mg/1000 kcal), Zn (6.5 vs. 4.7 mg/1000 kcal) and Cu (2 vs. 0.7 mg/1000 kcal) were nearly doubled. Iodine (39 vs. 156 .mu.g/1000 kcal) and Se (5 vs. 17 .mu.g/1000 kcal) were much lower in the VD, Se even being undetectable in several 24-h diets. The VD was rich in folic acid (301 vs. 90 .mu.g/1000 kcal in MD) but the intake of vitamin B12 was only 0.3-0.4 .mu.g/day (MD: 3-4 .mu.g day). No clinical signs of nutritional deficiency were observed in the vegans. Serum protein levels of the vegans as well as their serum lipoproteins were near the lower range of the reference group. In addition, none of the vegans was overweight and their blood pressures were low for their age.