The child's trigger experience: Degree-0 learnability
The child's trigger experience: Degree-0 learnability
复制标题
孩子的触发体验：0度可学习性
DOI：
10.1017/s0140525x00048883
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发表时间：
1989
影响因子：
29.3
通讯作者：
D. Lightfoot
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Lightfoot
根据人类语言能力的“选择性”（而不是“指导性”）模型，人们知道的比他们经历的要多。经验和最终能力之间的差异（“刺激的贫困”）是由基因提供的信息弥补的。因此，任何关于语言基因型（或“普遍语法”，UG）的假设都对需要什么样的经验以及人们的成熟能力（或“语法”）将采取什么样的形式产生了影响。这篇BBS目标文章讨论了“触发体验”，即实际影响儿童语言发展的体验。有人认为，这必须是一个孩子的总的语言经验的子集，因此，一个孩子听到的大部分没有后果的形式，最终的语法。UG过滤经验，并提供一个上限，什么构成触发经验。这种过滤效应通常可以从语言能力在代际之间的变化中看出。儿童只需要访问最小（“0度”）复杂性的健壮结构。一切都可以从简单的、未嵌入的“域”（定义表达式逻辑形式的语法概念）中学习。儿童不需要进入更复杂的结构。
Abstract According to a “selective” (as opposed to “instructive”) model of human language capacity, people come to know more than they experience. The discrepancy between experience and eventual capacity (the “poverty of the stimulus”) is bridged by genetically provided information. Hence any hypothesis about the linguistic genotype (or “Universal Grammar,” UG) has consequences for what experience is needed and what form people's mature capacities (or “grammars”) will take. This BBS target article discusses the “trigger experience,” that is, the experience that actually affects a child's linguistic development. It is argued that this must be a subset of a child's total linguistic experience and hence that much of what a child hears has no consequence for the form of the eventual grammar. UG filters experience and provides an upper bound on what constitutes the triggering experience. This filtering effect can often be seen in the way linguistic capacity can change between generations. Children only need access to robust structures of minimal (“degree-0”) complexity. Everything can be learned from simple, unembedded “domains” (a grammatical concept involved in defining an expression's logical form). Children do not need access to more complex structures.