Presupposition Projection: the New Debate
Presupposition Projection: the New Debate
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预设投射：新的争论
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发表时间：
2008
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通讯作者：
P. Schlenker
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作者：
P. Schlenker
最近许多研究背后的一个强有力的直觉是，一个预设必须在其评估的背景下得到满足。语境的相关概念，在Stalnaker的术语中（Stalnaker 1978），是“语境集”，它编码了言语行为参与者认为理所当然的东西（我们简称为“语境”）。但是，这种分析的最简单版本在复杂句子中面临直接的困难：约翰不称职，他知道他不需要言语行为参与者已经理所当然地认为约翰不称职，因为这个命题是断言的，而不是预设的。动态的方法解决了这个问题，通过假设第二个合取相对于一个本地上下文进行评估，通过更新全球的第一个合取的内容获得;这解释了为什么第二个合取的预设在这种情况下自动满足。这种分析是由（1）中所述的动态规则捕获的：带有合取词的上下文C的更新是C随着每个合取词的连续更新。
A powerful intuition behind much recent research is that a presupposition must be satisfied in its context of evaluation. The relevant notion of context is, in Stalnaker’s terminology (Stalnaker 1978), the ‘context set’, which encodes what the speech act participants take for granted (we will say ‘context’ for short). But the simplest version of this analysis faces immediate difficulties with complex sentences: John is incompetent and he knows that he is does not require that the speech act participants already take for granted that John is incompetent, since this proposition is asserted, not presupposed. The dynamic approach solves the problem by postulating that the second conjunct is evaluated with respect to a local context, obtained by updating the global one with the content of the first conjunct; this explains why the presupposition of the second conjunct is in this case automatically satisfied. This analysis is captured by the dynamic rule stated in (1): the update of a context C with a conjunction is the successive update of C with each conjunct.