WHEN IS SEX ENVIRONMENTALLY DETERMINED
WHEN IS SEX ENVIRONMENTALLY DETERMINED
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DOI：
10.1038/266828a0
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发表时间：
1977-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
BULL, JJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CHARNOV, EL;BULL, JJ
有几种性别决定机制可以在种群中产生两种性别（雌雄异株或雌雄异体）1-5。在其中许多情况下，后代的性别是在受孕时或受孕前决定的，如雄性或雌性异配性。然而，在一些生物体中，后代的性别是在受孕之后通过某些环境对后代的影响而决定的。我们在这里考虑为什么这些环境机制得以维持；也就是说，为什么它们没有被一种决定受孕时性别的替代系统所取代？我们认为，当个体的健康（作为男性或女性）受到环境条件的强烈影响并且个体对其将经历的环境几乎无法控制时，自然选择有利于不稳定的性别决定（不是在受孕时固定）。我们的论点也适用于雌雄同体的性别表达6,7。
THERE are several sex determining mechanisms which produce two sexes in a population (dioecy or gonochorism)1–5. In many of these, the offspring's sex is determined at or before conception, as in male or female heterogamety. In several organisms, however, the offspring's sex is determined later than conception, by some environmental influence upon the offspring. We consider here why these environmental mechanisms have been maintained; that is, why have they not been replaced with an alternative system that determines sex at conception? We propose that labile sex determination (not fixed at conception) is favoured by natural selection when an individual's fitness (as a male or female) is strongly influenced by environmental conditions and where the individual has little control over which environment it will experience. Our argument also applies to sex expression in hermaphrodites6,7.