Behavioural comparison of layer and broiler fowl: Measuring fear responses
Behavioural comparison of layer and broiler fowl: Measuring fear responses
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DOI：
10.1016/0168-1591(96)01055-6
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发表时间：
1996-09-15
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Jones, RB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
KeerKeer, S;Hughes, BO;Jones, RB
肉鸡和白色来航鸡有不同的性情;白色来航鸡被认为是轻浮的，而肉鸡被认为是温顺的。这种气质上的差异有时被解释为潜在恐惧的紧张之间的差异。进行了五个实验来比较两种菌株的恐惧反应。所有实验鸡均饲喂中等能量（种鸡）替代饮食，以减少伴随标准肉鸡生长者饮食提供的体重和自发活动的应变差异。测试刺激的性质、测试情况和鸟的年龄在测试之间是不同的。在其中三个实验中，不同品系之间的恐惧反应差异很小或不存在。其中包括：将隔离的10日龄雏鸡暴露于位于新竞技场一端的人（实验1），将单独关在笼子里的11周龄的鸟暴露于从1 m远接近的人（实验3），以及将相同的鸟暴露于放置在笼子前面的新物体（实验4）。在两个实验中，应变差异是明显的。这些是：将成对放置在新笼中的3周龄雏鸡暴露于从4 m远处接近的人（实验2），并将16周龄的鸟以7只为一组暴露于放置在测试围栏中的大的新物体（道路危险锥）（实验5）。在这两种情况下，来航鸡表现出更显着的回避反应比肉鸡。来航鸡的身体反应往往比肉鸡更强烈，很难将暴露于潜在恐惧的影响后采取的行为策略类型中的假定应变差异分开。结果表明，两种品系之间的恐惧没有差异，或者来航鸡比肉鸡更害怕，但品系差异只在社交场合或当测试引起的恐惧水平是中等时才变得明显。
Broilers and White Leghorns have different temperaments; White Leghorns are regarded as flighty and broilers as docile. This difference in temperament is sometimes interpreted as a difference between the strains in underlying fearfulness. Five experiments were carried out to compare fear responses of the two strains. All experimental birds were fed a medium-energy (breeder) replacement diet to reduce strain differences in body weight and locomotor activity which accompany provision of standard broiler grower diets. The nature of the test stimuli, the test situation and the age of the bird were varied between tests. In three of the experiments, differences in fear response between strains were minimal or absent. These included: exposure of isolated 10-day-old chicks to a person situated at one end of a novel arena (Experiment 1), exposure of individually caged 11-week-old birds to a person approaching from 1 m away (Experiment 3), and exposure of the same birds to a novel object placed at the front of the home cage (Experiment 4). In two experiments, strain differences were apparent. These were: exposure of 3-week-old chicks, placed in pairs in a novel cage, to a person approaching from 4 m away (Experiment 2) and exposure of 16-week-old birds, in groups of seven, to a large novel object (road hazard cone) placed in the test pen (Experiment 5). In both cases the Leghorns showed more marked avoidance responses than broilers. Leghorns' physical response is often more vigorous than that of broilers, and it was difficult to separate putative strain differences in the type of behavioural strategy adopted upon exposure to threat from the effects of underlying fearfulness. Results indicate either that there is no difference in fear between the two strains, or that Leghorns are more fearful than broilers, but strain differences only become apparent in a social situation or when the levels of fear evoked by the test are moderate.