The partial-occlusion effect: utilizing semitransparency in 3D human-computer interaction
The partial-occlusion effect: utilizing semitransparency in 3D human-computer interaction
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部分遮挡效果：在3D人机交互中利用半透明
DOI：
10.1145/234526.234532
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Milgram
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shumin Zhai;W. Buxton;P. Milgram
本研究探讨人类的表现时，使用的交互式三维计算机图形环境中的透明工具。本文简要回顾了在计算机界面设计中呈现深度信息的技术和应用透视空间的例子。我们假设，当用户在3D环境中移动一个透明表面时，通过透明表面引入的“部分遮挡”效应可以作为目标定位的有效线索，这是许多3D交互任务中的一个重要组成部分。在一项实验中，受试者被要求用两个版本的3D框光标捕捉动态目标（虚拟鱼），一个有透明表面，一个没有透明表面。结果表明，部分遮挡效应通过显着提高用户的性能，在试验完成时间，错误率，错误幅度在单视场和立体显示器。主观评价支持从业绩计量中得出的结论。实验结果及其影响进行了讨论，强调相对的，离散的性质的部分遮挡效应和不同的深度线索之间的相互作用。文章最后对跨空间技术在人机交互中的应用和未来的研究方向提出了建议。
This study investigates human performance when using semitransparent tools in interactive 3D computer graphics environments. The article briefly reviews techniques for presenting depth information and examples of applying semitransparency in computer interface design. We hypothesize that when the user moves a semitransparent surface in a 3D environment, the “partial-occlusion” effect introduced through semitransparency acts as an effective cue in target localization—an essential component in many 3D interaction tasks. This hypothesis was tested in an experiment in which subjects were asked to capture dynamic targets (virtual fish) with two versions of a 3D box cursor, one with and one without semitransparent surfaces. Results showed that the partial-occlusion effect through semitransparency significantly improved users' performance in terms of trial completion time, error rate, and error magnitude in both monoscopic and stereoscopic displays. Subjective evaluations supported the conclusions drawn from performance measures. The experimental results and their implications are discussed, with emphasis on the relative, discrete nature of the partial-occlusion effect and on interactions between different depth cues. The article concludes with proposals of a few future research issues and applications of semitransparency in human-computer interaction.