Immunological detection of small organic molecules in the presence of perchlorates: relevance to the life marker chip and life detection on Mars.
Immunological detection of small organic molecules in the presence of perchlorates: relevance to the life marker chip and life detection on Mars.
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高氯酸盐存在下有机小分子的免疫检测：与火星生命标记芯片和生命检测的相关性。
DOI：
10.1089/ast.2011.0662
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Rix CS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rix CS
拟议中的ExoMars使命将于2018年发射，旨在寻找火星岩石和风化层中现存和灭绝生命的证据。以前在火星上探测生物或非生物来源的有机分子的尝试都没有成功，这可能是由于在热解样品提取技术中高氯酸盐破坏了这些分子。有机分子也可以用溶剂型系统提取和测量。ExoMars有效载荷包括生命标记芯片（LMC）仪器，能够通过抗体微阵列分析检测火星样本液体提取物中现存和灭绝的类地球生命的生物标记分子。这里报告的工作的目的是调查高氯酸盐的存在，在类似的水平在美国宇航局凤凰着陆场，是否会损害LMC提取和检测方法。为了测试这一点，我们实施了一个LMC代表性的样品提取过程与LMC代表性的抗体测定，并使用这些提取和分析的模型样品组成的火星模拟样品基质（JSC火星-1）加标代表性的有机分子目标（芘，一个例子的非生物陨石坠落目标）在高氯酸盐的存在。我们发现，当使用添加高氯酸盐的芘标准品时，免疫测定功能没有显着变化。当加标高氯酸盐的模型样品接受LMC代表性液体提取时，免疫测定在液体提取物中发挥作用并检测到提取的芘。对于不含高氯酸盐的相同模型样品基质，我们观察到与浸提液黄色一致的异常测定信号。目前正在进一步研究这一意想不到的观察结果。这项初步研究表明，高氯酸盐的存在，与NASA凤凰号着陆点检测到的水平相似，不太可能阻止LMC从火星样本中提取和检测有机分子。关键词：火星-高氯酸盐-ExoMars-生命标记芯片-免疫分析-生命探测-氧化剂。天体生物学11，839-846。
The proposed ExoMars mission, due to launch in 2018, aims to look for evidence of extant and extinct life in martian rocks and regolith. Previous attempts to detect organic molecules of biological or abiotic origin on Mars have been unsuccessful, which may be attributable to destruction of these molecules by perchlorate salts during pyrolysis sample extraction techniques. Organic molecules can also be extracted and measured with solvent-based systems. The ExoMars payload includes the Life Marker Chip (LMC) instrument, capable of detecting biomarker molecules of extant and extinct Earth-like life in liquid extracts of martian samples with an antibody microarray assay. The aim of the work reported here was to investigate whether the presence of perchlorate salts, at levels similar to those at the NASA Phoenix landing site, would compromise the LMC extraction and detection method. To test this, we implemented an LMC-representative sample extraction process with an LMC-representative antibody assay and used these to extract and analyze a model sample that consisted of a Mars analog sample matrix (JSC Mars-1) spiked with a representative organic molecular target (pyrene, an example of abiotic meteoritic infall targets) in the presence of perchlorate salts. We found no significant change in immunoassay function when using pyrene standards with added perchlorate salts. When model samples spiked with perchlorate salts were subjected to an LMC-representative liquid extraction, immunoassays functioned in a liquid extract and detected extracted pyrene. For the same model sample matrix without perchlorate salts, we observed anomalous assay signals that coincided with yellow coloration of the extracts. This unexpected observation is being studied further. This initial study indicates that the presence of perchlorate salts, at levels similar to those detected at the NASA Phoenix landing site, is unlikely to prevent the LMC from extracting and detecting organic molecules from martian samples. Key Words: Mars—Perchlorate salts—ExoMars—Life Marker Chip—Immunoassay—Life detection—Oxidants. Astrobiology 11, 839–846.
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