Biomechanical effects of esophageal elongation on the circumferential tension of the cervical esophagus in vivo.
Biomechanical effects of esophageal elongation on the circumferential tension of the cervical esophagus in vivo.
复制标题
食管伸长对体内颈段食管周向张力的生物力学影响。
DOI：
10.1152/japplphysiol.00667.2022
复制
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Shaker,Reza
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lang,IvanM;Medda,BidyutK;Shaker,Reza
体外获得的证据表明，食管的物理伸长增加食管周向应力-应变比，但尚不清楚这种生物力学效应是否会改变体内食管功能。我们研究了在体颈部食管的物理或生理伸长对基础和主动周向张力的影响。使用29只去大脑猫，通过食管的远端物理延伸或通过刺激舌下神经（其激活延长食管的喉提升肌）生理地延长食管。舌骨、咽部和食管肌肉采用肌电图（EMG）电极和/或应变计力传感器。还记录了食管腔内测压。我们发现，颈部食管的物理或生理伸长增加了食管周向基础以及主动张力发起的电刺激咽食管神经或食管肌肉直接，但不增加食管腔内压力或EMG活动。食管-食管收缩反射引起的食管环向反应可通过远端物理性延长而增加，而不是生理性延长。我们的结论是，物理或生理延长食管显着增加食管周向的基础和主动张力，而没有肌肉激活。我们假设这种效应是由生物力学过程引起的食管应力-应变比增加引起的，这增加了周向壁刚度。食管环向刚度的增加增加了被动张力和主动张力的有效性。颈部食管环向刚度的增加可能会改变食管功能。新&值得注意的是，物理或生理性食管伸长通过生物力学过程增加食管环向主动或被动张力，导致食管环向弹性降低。这种增加的食管壁硬度可能在各种食管功能期间促进食管食团流。
Evidence obtained ex vivo suggests that physical elongation of the esophagus increases esophageal circumferential stress-strain ratio, but it is unknown whether this biomechanical effect alters esophageal function in vivo. We investigated the effects of physical or physiological elongation of the cervical esophagus on basal and active circumferential tension in vivo. The esophagus was elongated, using 29 decerebrate cats, either physically by distal physical extension of the esophagus or physiologically by stimulating the hypoglossal nerve, which activates laryngeal elevating muscles that elongate the esophagus. Hyoid, pharyngeal, and esophageal muscles were instrumented with electromyogram (EMG) electrodes and/or strain gauge force transducers. Esophageal intraluminal manometry was also recorded. We found that physical or physiological elongation of the cervical esophagus increased esophageal circumferential basal as well as active tension initiated by electrical stimulation of the pharyngo-esophageal nerve or the esophageal muscle directly, but did not increase esophageal intraluminal pressure or EMG activity. The esophageal circumferential response to the esophago-esophageal contractile reflex was increased by distal physical elongation, but not orad physiological elongation. We conclude that physical or physiological elongation of the esophagus significantly increases esophageal circumferential basal and active tension without muscle activation. We hypothesize that this effect is caused by an increase in esophageal stress-strain ratio by a biomechanical process, which increases circumferential wall stiffness. The increase in esophageal circumferential stiffness increases passive tension and the effectiveness of active tension. This increase in cervical esophageal circumferential stiffness may alter esophageal function.NEW & NOTEWORTHYPhysical or physiological esophageal elongation increases esophageal circumferential active or passive tension by a biomechanical process, which causes a decrease in esophageal circumferential elasticity. This increased stiffness of the esophageal wall likely promotes esophageal bolus flow during various esophageal functions.