Drinking patterns and their gender differences in Europe
Drinking patterns and their gender differences in Europe
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DOI：
10.1093/alcalc/agl071
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发表时间：
2006-10-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Room, Robin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Makela, Pia;Gmel, Gerhard;Room, Robin
目的：比较欧洲不同地区和国家的饮酒习惯并考察饮酒文化的差异；研究饮酒习惯的性别差异并在不同国家进行比较。方法：数据由对 14 个欧洲国家 20-64 岁普通人群独立进行、集中分析的调查组成。核心指标是戒酒率、总体饮酒频率和饮酒量以及按饮料类型划分的饮酒量、每天饮酒量以及偶尔饮酒情况。结果：除饮酒外，所有饮酒指标均存在明显的性别差异。在北欧，性别差异往往小于平均水平。性别比例没有随年龄出现系统性变化，但年轻男性和女性在偶尔大量饮酒的频率方面的差异小于老年男性和女性。饮料偏好的结果表明，葡萄酒/啤酒/烈酒文化之间的区别隐含地基于伴侣饮酒。我们的期望是地中海国家的日常生活中有更多的日常少量饮酒，北方国家的周末和庆祝活动中有更多的间歇性饮酒，而传统的啤酒国家则介于两者之间。观察到的差异通常与预期的方向一致。然而，没有一个国家代表了一种理想的饮酒文化，即仅仅为了“改变情绪”或“仅仅为了营养”而饮酒；所有国家都是这两个极端的混合体。结论：所有国家都存在明显且一致的性别差异，而国家和地区之间的饮酒差异并不那么明显。
Aims: To compare drinking habits and to examine differences between drinking cultures in different regions and countries in Europe; to examine gender differences in drinking habits and to compare them over countries. Methods: Data consisted of independently conducted, centrally analysed surveys in the general population aged 20-64 years in 14 European countries. Central measures were abstention, frequency and volume of drinking overall and by beverage type, amounts drunk per drinking day, and heavy episodic drinking. Results: There were clear gender differences in all drinking measures, except for wine drinking. Differences between genders were often smaller than average in northern Europe. Gender ratios did not show systematic changes by age, with the exception that young men and women differed less than older men and women in the frequency of heavy episodic drinking. The results on beverage preferences indicate that the distinction among wine/beer/spirits cultures have implicitly been based on mate drinking. Our expectation was for more daily light drinking integrated in everyday life in the Mediterranean countries, more heavy episodic drinking associated with weekends and celebrations in the North, with the traditional beer countries somewhere in between. The differences observed were usually in the direction expected. However, no country represented an ideal type of drinking culture, i.e. drinking for 'mood-changing effects' only or for,nutritional purposes' only; all countries were mixtures of these two extremes. Conclusions: There were clear and consistent gender differences in all countries, while the differences in drinking between countries and regions were not as obvious.