Characterization of seabird bycatch in eastern Canadian waters, 1998–2011, assessed from onboard fisheries observer data
Characterization of seabird bycatch in eastern Canadian waters, 1998–2011, assessed from onboard fisheries observer data
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根据船上渔业观察员数据评估 1998-2011 年加拿大东部水域海鸟兼捕的特征
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发表时间：
2016
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通讯作者：
G. Robertson
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作者：
A. Hedd;P. Regular;S. Wilhelm;Jean;B. Drolet;Mark Fowler;C. Pekarik;G. Robertson
在过去的25年里，商业渔业中的海鸟兼捕一直是一个日益令人担忧的保护问题。使用已知的附带捕获海鸟的渔具的大型渔业在加拿大东部作业，然而，区域兼捕信息有限。
利用加拿大国内和外国船只上的观察员从1998年至2011年收集的数据，确定了捕捞海鸟的渔业部门和目标渔业，以及最经常捕捞的海鸟。此外，还使用海鸟兼捕率地图来确定捕获率较高的局部地区。
海鸟兼捕现象很普遍。尽管观察者覆盖率普遍较低，但仍有5000只鸟类死亡的记录；大多数观察到的死亡发生在夏季和秋季的刺网和延绳钓区域。虽然自1992年关闭大西洋鳕鱼Gadus morhua和大西洋鲑鱼Salmo Salar刺网渔业以来，海鸟副渔获量的总体规模可能大幅下降，但局部地区的副渔获率仍然很高。
例如，在巴芬湾和戴维斯海峡，以格陵兰大比目鱼为目标的刺网和延绳钓渔业以繁殖群体附近的大比目鱼Reinhardtius parglossodes为目标的北部黄鳍金枪鱼的副渔获率很高。在大浅滩的近海地区，迁徙剪切鱼(Puffinus和Calonectris spp.)的捕获率夏季格陵兰大比目鱼和康鱼的深层刺网渔业产量较高。在纽芬兰东部近海地区，在繁殖群体附近设置刺网用于大西洋鳕鱼，导致小鳕鱼的副渔获率很高。和夏季的剪毛水。在沿斯科特大陆架的中上层延绳钓渔业中也观察到较高的副渔获率。
虽然观察员数据突出了几个兼捕率较高的局部区域，但近岸刺网渔业捕获海鸟，但观察员方案复盖不多，因此必须考虑近岸刺网渔业的信息和捕捞活动的区域信息，以全面评估海鸟风险区域和加拿大东部相应的管理需要。
版权所有©2015 John Wiley&Sons，Ltd.
Seabird bycatch in commercial fisheries has been a growing conservation concern over the past 25 years. Large-scale fisheries employing gears known to incidentally catch seabirds operate off eastern Canada, however, regional bycatch information is limited.
Using data collected from 1998–2011 by observers onboard Canadian domestic and foreign vessels, fishery sectors and target fisheries taking seabirds were identified, as were the seabirds most frequently taken. In addition, maps of seabird bycatch rates were used to identify localized areas where catch rates were high.
Seabird bycatch was widespread. Despite generally low observer coverage, > 5000 bird deaths were recorded; most observed mortalities occurred in gillnet and longline sectors during summer and autumn. While the overall magnitude of seabird bycatch has likely decreased substantially since closure of the Atlantic cod Gadus morhua and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar gillnet fisheries in 1992, localized areas with high bycatch rates persist.
For example, in Baffin Bay and Davis Strait, bycatch rates of northern fulmars Fulmarus glacialis were high in gillnet and longline fisheries targeting Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides near breeding colonies. In offshore areas of the Grand Bank, catch rates of migrant shearwaters (Puffinus and Calonectris spp.) were high in deep-set gillnet fisheries for Greenland halibut and monkfish Lophius americanus during summer. In inshore regions of eastern Newfoundland, gillnets set for Atlantic cod near breeding colonies resulted in high bycatch rates of murres Uria spp. and shearwaters during summer. High bycatch rates were also observed in pelagic longline fisheries along the Scotian Shelf.
While the observer data have highlighted several localized areas with high bycatch rates, information for inshore gillnet fisheries, which take seabirds but are poorly covered by the observer programme, and regional information on fishing effort must both be considered for comprehensive assessment of seabird risk areas and consequent management needs in eastern Canada.
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.