Steering and Encoding the Polarization of the Second Harmonic in the Visible with a Monolithic LiNbO(3) Metasurface.
Steering and Encoding the Polarization of the Second Harmonic in the Visible with a Monolithic LiNbO(3) Metasurface.
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DOI：
10.1021/acsphotonics.1c00026
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发表时间：
2021-03-17
期刊：
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Celebrano M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carletti L;Zilli A;Moia F;Toma A;Finazzi M;De Angelis C;Neshev DN;Celebrano M
非线性超表面构成了超光学中的关键资产，因为它们能够将非线性光学缩小到亚微米厚度。迄今为止，非线性超颖表面主要是使用窄带隙半导体实现的，其操作限于近红外范围。可见光范围内的非线性超光学可以使用具有高折射率的透明材料来实现，例如铌酸锂（LiNbO 3）。然而，到目前为止，与LiNbO 3相关的纳米结构挑战阻碍了在该战略光谱窗口中的有效操作，这大大限制了纳米结构的纵横比和最小尺寸（即，元原子）。在这里，我们展示了第一个单片非线性周期性超颖基于铌酸锂和工作在可见光范围内。通过离子束铣削实现，我们的超颖表面具有2.40 × 10-8的二次谐波（SH）转换效率，泵浦强度低至0.5 GW/cm 2。通过调整泵浦偏振，我们证明了有效的转向和偏振编码到窄SH衍射级，打开新的机会，偏振编码非线性元光学。
Nonlinear metasurfaces constitute a key asset in meta-optics, given their ability to scale down nonlinear optics to sub-micrometer thicknesses. To date, nonlinear metasurfaces have been mainly realized using narrow band gap semiconductors, with operation limited to the near-infrared range. Nonlinear meta-optics in the visible range can be realized using transparent materials with high refractive index, such as lithium niobate (LiNbO3). Yet, efficient operation in this strategic spectral window has been so far prevented by the nanofabrication challenges associated with LiNbO3, which considerably limit the aspect ratio and minimum size of the nanostructures (i.e., meta-atoms). Here we demonstrate the first monolithic nonlinear periodic metasurface based on LiNbO3 and operating in the visible range. Realized through ion beam milling, our metasurface features a second-harmonic (SH) conversion efficiency of 2.40 × 10–8 at a pump intensity as low as 0.5 GW/cm2. By tuning the pump polarization, we demonstrate efficient steering and polarization encoding into narrow SH diffraction orders, opening novel opportunities for polarization-encoded nonlinear meta-optics.
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