Disaster and the lived politics of the resilient city
Disaster and the lived politics of the resilient city
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.geoforum.2021.07.004
复制
发表时间：
2021-07-10
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Sheridan, Zoe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DeVerteuil, Geoff;Golubchikov, Oleg;Sheridan, Zoe
韧性城市概念的部署仍然存在分歧，一些人将韧性视为一组（自下而上）赋能能力，另一些人指责韧性城市是使现状正常化并摆脱弱势群体的（自上而下）后政治倾向。本文提供了一个克服这种二元性的概念框架。我们认为，对城市危机实际存在的条件进行批判性的、跨历史的恢复力部署，可以使城市必须具有恢复力的条件重新政治化。将复原力的生活经历政治化，引起人们对复原力的关系和代理的关注：复原力是如何构建、谈判和资源配置的，在时间和空间尺度上，以及政治前因、后果和权力斗争。本文通过两个故意不同的案例研究并置了这座有复原力的城市的现实政治：1941-1944 年 872 天围困期间的列宁格勒，以及 2005 年卡特里娜飓风后的新奥尔良。这种非正统的比较既违反了明确的意识形态和认识论惯例，又描绘了一幅复原力在现实中如何展现的复杂图景。这些悲惨事件显示了一系列情况，其中包括国家强加的自上而下的恢复力，以及作为回应的个人和社区主导的自下而上的恢复力。我们展示了国家在如何构建和（错误）管理灾难和复原力方面的卓越作用，以及被抛弃的复原力如何迫使公民和社区启动灾难和恢复谈判机制，从而产生城市和个人共同构成的复原力。
The deployment of the resilient city concept remains divided between those who see resilience as a set of (bottom-up) enabling capacities, and those who accuse it of (top- down) post-political tendencies that normalize the status quo and cast off the vulnerable. This paper offers a conceptual framework that overcomes this binary. We argue that a critical and trans-historical deployment of resilience to the actually-existing conditions of urban crisis can re-politicize the very conditions necessitating cities to be resilient. Politicizing the lived experiences of resilience draws attention to the relationality and agency of resilience: how resilience is constructed, negotiated and resourced, at which temporal and spatial scales, and with what political antecedents, consequences and power struggles. The paper considers the lived politics of the resilient city juxtaposed across two purposefully disparate case studies: Leningrad during the 872-day siege in 1941-1944, and New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina in 2005. This unorthodox comparison both transgresses clear-cut ideological and epistemological conventions and develops a complex picture of how resilience unfolds in reality. These tragic events show a range of conditions that incorporated state-imposed cast-off top-down resilience and, in response, individual and community-led bottom-up resilience. We demonstrate the pre-eminent role of the state in how both disaster and resilience are constructed and (mis)managed, but also how cast-off resilience compels citizens and communities to activate mechanisms for negotiating disaster and recovery, generating a co-constituted resilience of cities and individuals.