1/f noise: Implications for solid-state quantum information
1/f noise: Implications for solid-state quantum information
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DOI：
10.1103/revmodphys.86.361
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发表时间：
2014-04-03
影响因子：
44.1
通讯作者：
Altshuler, B. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paladino, E.;Galperin, Y. M.;Altshuler, B. L.
未来量子信息处理设备的效率主要受到单个量子比特和量子门的有限退相干率的限制。最近，在提高固态量子比特表现出相干动力学的时间方面取得了实质性进展。这一进展主要是基于成功地将量子位与工程获得的外部退相干源隔离开来。在这些条件下，材料固有的噪声源开始发挥关键作用。在大多数情况下，量子器件受到噪声的影响，噪声随频率f近似为1/f而减小。根据目前的观点，这种噪声是由于材料和设备特定的微观自由度与纳米器件的量子变量相互作用。最简单的描述是，破坏设备相位相干性的环境可以被认为是一个双态波动器系统，它们在状态之间经历随机跳跃。如果跳频时间分布在指数宽域中，则所产生的波动在大频率范围内具有接近1/f的频谱。本文综述了产生1/f噪声的自由度引起的退相干理论的现状。讨论了各种纳米器件中这种噪声的基本机制，并回顾了描述噪声源与量子器件相互作用的几种模型。综述的主要重点是分析1/f噪声如何破坏它们的相干操作。首先是从单个量子位集中主要是基于超导电路的设备，然后讨论一些与更复杂的架构相关的特殊问题。最后，几种策略，以尽量减少噪声引起的退相干被认为是。
The efficiency of the future devices for quantum information processing is limited mostly by the finite decoherence rates of the individual qubits and quantum gates. Recently, substantial progress was achieved in enhancing the time within which a solid-state qubit demonstrates coherent dynamics. This progress is based mostly on a successful isolation of the qubits from external decoherence sources obtained by engineering. Under these conditions, the material-inherent sources of noise start to play a crucial role. In most cases, quantum devices are affected by noise decreasing with frequency f approximately as 1/f. According to the present point of view, such noise is due to material-and device-specific microscopic degrees of freedom interacting with quantum variables of the nanodevice. The simplest picture is that the environment that destroys the phase coherence of the device can be thought of as a system of two-state fluctuators, which experience random hops between their states. If the hopping times are distributed in an exponentially broad domain, the resulting fluctuations have a spectrum close to 1/f in a large frequency range. This paper reviews the current state of the theory of decoherence due to degrees of freedom producing 1/f noise. Basic mechanisms of such noises in various nanodevices are discussed and several models describing the interaction of the noise sources with quantum devices are reviewed. The main focus of the review is to analyze how the 1/f noise destroys their coherent operation. The start is from individual qubits concentrating mostly on the devices based on superconductor circuits and then some special issues related to more complicated architectures are discussed. Finally, several strategies for minimizing the noise-induced decoherence are considered.