WISH: wavefront imaging sensor with high resolution
WISH: wavefront imaging sensor with high resolution
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DOI：
10.1038/s41377-019-0154-x
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发表时间：
2019-05-01
影响因子：
19.4
通讯作者：
Veeraraghavan, Ashok
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wu, Yicheng;Sharma, Manoj Kumar;Veeraraghavan, Ashok
波前传感是同时测量入射光场的振幅和相位。传统的波前传感器，如Shack-Hartmann波前传感器（SHWFS），在空间分辨率和相位估计之间进行了基本的权衡，因此只能实现几千像素的分辨率。为了打破这种权衡，我们提出了一种新的基于计算成像的技术，即高分辨率波前成像传感器（WISH）。我们用空间光调制器（SLM）取代SHWFS中的微透镜阵列，并使用计算相位恢复算法来恢复入射波前。该波前传感器可以在超过1000万像素的分辨率下测量高度变化的光场，并具有精细的相位估计。据我们所知，这个分辨率比目前的非干涉波前传感器高一个数量级。为了展示WISH的能力，我们提出了三个应用，涵盖了广泛的空间尺度。首先，我们将WISH与大口径、低质量菲涅耳透镜相结合，产生了用于远距离成像的衍射限制重构。其次，我们展示了被散射遮挡的物体的高分辨率图像的恢复。第三，我们证明了WISH可以作为没有物镜的显微镜使用。我们的研究表明，WISH的设计原理结合了光调制器和计算算法来感知高分辨率光场，从而提高了许多现有应用的能力，同时揭示了全新的、迄今为止尚未开发的应用领域。
Wavefront sensing is the simultaneous measurement of the amplitude and phase of an incoming optical field. Traditional wavefront sensors such as Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS) suffer from a fundamental tradeoff between spatial resolution and phase estimation and consequently can only achieve a resolution of a few thousand pixels. To break this tradeoff, we present a novel computational-imaging-based technique, namely, the Wavefront Imaging Sensor with High resolution (WISH). We replace the microlens array in SHWFS with a spatial light modulator (SLM) and use a computational phase-retrieval algorithm to recover the incident wavefront. This wavefront sensor can measure highly varying optical fields at more than 10-megapixel resolution with the fine phase estimation. To the best of our knowledge, this resolution is an order of magnitude higher than the current noninterferometric wavefront sensors. To demonstrate the capability of WISH, we present three applications, which cover a wide range of spatial scales. First, we produce the diffraction-limited reconstruction for long-distance imaging by combining WISH with a large-aperture, low-quality Fresnel lens. Second, we show the recovery of high-resolution images of objects that are obscured by scattering. Third, we show that WISH can be used as a microscope without an objective lens. Our study suggests that the designing principle of WISH, which combines optical modulators and computational algorithms to sense high-resolution optical fields, enables improved capabilities in many existing applications while revealing entirely new, hitherto unexplored application areas.