Cost and Performance Targets for Fully Electrochemical Ammonia Production under Flexible Operation
Cost and Performance Targets for Fully Electrochemical Ammonia Production under Flexible Operation
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DOI：
10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01197
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发表时间：
2022-08-12
影响因子：
22
通讯作者：
Mallapragada, Dharik S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lazouski, Nikifar;Limaye, Aditya;Mallapragada, Dharik S.
从空气、水和可再生电力中生产氨的方法是将氨生产从二氧化碳排放的Haber-Bosch工艺转变为必要的。在这种情况下，水分解衍生的氢和空气分离衍生的氮在电化学过程中反应产生氨的全电过程是有吸引力的。在此，我们使用混合整数线性规划框架评估了依赖可再生能源的大规模全电氨生产的成本效益，并结合不同类型的存储和灵活操作。我们发现，如果电化学反应器能够以超过400 mA cm-2的部分电流、超过30%的能源效率和几年的工艺寿命生产氨，则可以以经济上具有竞争力的方式生产氨，即成本< 1美元/公斤。鉴于此，可以快速减少氮的替代化学物质(
Methods to produce ammonia from air, water, and renewable electricity are necessary to transition ammonia production away from the CO2-emitting Haber-Bosch process. In this vein, a fully electric process in which water-splitting-derived hydrogen and air-separation-derived nitrogen are reacted in an electrochemical process to produce ammonia is attractive. Herein, we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of large-scale fully electric ammonia production relying on renewable electricity sources in conjunction with different types of storage and flexible operation using a mixed-integer linear programming framework. We found that ammonia can be produced in an economically competitive manner, i.e., at costs < 1 $/kg, at large scales if the electrochemical reactor can produce ammonia at partial currents exceeding 400 mA cm-2, energy efficiencies exceeding 30%, and process lifetimes of several years. In light of this, alternative chemistries that can reduce nitrogen at high rates and moderate (