Seasonality of primate births in relation to climate
Seasonality of primate births in relation to climate
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DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511542343.012
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Verdolin, Jennifer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Janson, Charles;Verdolin, Jennifer
众所周知，大多数灵长类动物种群在出生频率上至少表现出一定的季节性（Lancaster & Lee 1965; Lindburg 1987; Di Bitetti & Janson 2000）。关于这种季节性有两个主要问题：(i)是什么决定了高峰的狭窄程度（如果有的话）？（ii）是什么决定了峰值何时出现？因为这两个问题涉及不同类型的假设和数据分析，我们将分别对待它们。在本章中，我们试图通过分析70个灵长类动物野生种群的定量出生数据来涵盖每个主题的背景、当前假设和观察模式；还有更多关于圈养灵长类动物的数据集，但我们在这里不处理这些。为了简化演示，我们如何获取数据集并进行统计分析的细节在附录11.1中给出。最后，我们简要总结了这些结果以及灵长类动物对季节变化的反应。在讨论出生季节性的适应性假设之前，区分季节性和同步性是很重要的。这两种现象的模式和原因是不同的。出生的高季节性必然会产生高水平的同步性，但反之则不然。组内的出生可以同步，但组间的出生不能同步。有利于或导致群体内同步出生的因素，如对婴儿的捕食（Boinski 1987）和杀婴（Butynski 1982），可能表现出很少的季节性，因此可能不会选择高人口范围的出生季节性（Di Bitetti & Janson 2000）。因此，这些选择因素将不会在本章中进一步讨论。因为它是
It is well established that most primate populations show at least some seasonality in the frequency of births (Lancaster & Lee 1965; Lindburg 1987; Di Bitetti & Janson 2000). There are two major questions concerning this seasonality:(i) what determines the narrowness of the peak (if there is one)?, and (ii) what determines when the peak occurs? Because these two questions deal with distinct kinds of hypotheses and data analyses, we will treat them separately. In this chapter, we attempt to cover the background, current hypotheses, and observed patterns for each topic by analyzing quantitative birth data on 70 wild populations of primates; there are many more data sets on captive primates, but we do not deal with those here. To streamline the presentation, the details of how we acquired the data set and performed statistical analyses are given in Appendix 11.1. We conclude with a brief summary of the results and implications for primate responses to seasonal variation in general. Before discussing adaptive hypotheses for birth seasonality, it is important to distinguish seasonality from synchrony. The patterns and causes of these two phenomena are distinct. High seasonality in births necessarily will produce a high level of synchrony, but the reverse is not true. Births can be synchronized within a group but less synchronized between groups. Factors that favor or cause within-group synchrony of births, such as predation on infants (Boinski 1987) and infanticide (Butynski 1982), may show little seasonality and thus may not select for high population-wide seasonality of births (Di Bitetti & Janson 2000). Therefore, these selective factors will not be discussed further in this chapter. Because it is