A comparison of use of a pyrethroid either for house spraying or for bednet treatment against malaria vectors
A comparison of use of a pyrethroid either for house spraying or for bednet treatment against malaria vectors
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00281.x
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发表时间：
1998-08-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Njunwa, KJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Curtis, CF;Maxwell, CA;Njunwa, KJ
在坦桑尼亚东北部的一个疟疾严重流行地区，四个村庄使用微胶囊化的三氯氟氰菊酯处理蚊帐（免费提供），另外四个村庄使用同样的杀虫剂进行房屋喷洒。另外四个村庄在试验结束前没有接受任何干预，但作为对照进行监测。生物测定表明，杀虫剂残留物的持久性。光诱法和ELISA检测显示疟疾减少。载体种群和子孢子率，导致作为每次处理的结果的昆虫学接种率降低约90%。收集的吸血蚊子没有显示出从叮咬人类转向叮咬动物。在用氯丙胍胺-氨苯砜清除先前存在的感染后，通过每周监测每个村庄60名儿童的队列来测量再感染的发生率。病媒控制与每周每个儿童再感染概率降低54- 62%相关，两种病媒控制方法之间无显著差异。对发烧、寄生虫血症、血红蛋白和体重的横断面调查显示，寄生虫血症高与发烧和贫血有关，每种干预措施对减少贫血都有好处。然而，驻地保健助理的被动监测显示，没有证据表明发烧或寄生虫病的流行率降低。蚊帐处理所消耗的杀虫剂仅为房屋喷洒的六分之一，因此得出结论，前一种干预措施会更便宜，村民们积极要求蚊帐，而喷洒只是被动地同意。
In an intensely malarious area in north-east Tanzania, microencapsulated lambdacyhalothrin was used in four villages for treatment of bednets (provided free of charge) and in another four villages the same insecticide was used for house spraying. Another four villages received neither intervention until the end of the trial but were monitored as controls. Bioassays showed prolonged persistence of the insecticidal residues. Light traps and ELISA testing showed reduction of the malaria. vector populations and the sporozoite rates, leading to a reduction of about 90% in the entomological inoculation rate as a result of each treatment. Collections of blood fed mosquitoes showed no diversion from biting humans to biting animals. Incidence of re-infection was measured by weekly monitoring of cohorts of 60 children per village, after clearing preexisting infection with chlorproguanil-dapsone. The vector control was associated with a reduction in probability of re-infection per child per week by 54-62%, with no significant difference between the two vector control methods. Cross-sectional surveys for fever, parasitaemia, haemoglobin and weight showed association of high parasitaemia with fever and anaemia and beneficial effects of each intervention in reducing anaemia. However, passive surveillance by resident health assistants showed no evidence for reduced prevalence of fever or parasitaemia. Net treatment consumed only about one sixth as much insecticide as house spraying and it was concluded that the former intervention would work our cheaper and nets were actively demanded by the villagers, whereas spraying was only passively assented to.