A-bomb survivors: factors that may lead to a re-assessment of the radiation hazard.
A-bomb survivors: factors that may lead to a re-assessment of the radiation hazard.
复制标题
原子弹幸存者：可能导致重新评估辐射危害的因素。
DOI：
10.1093/ije/29.4.708
复制
发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
G. Kneale
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Stewart;G. Kneale
背景
日本原子弹幸存者的研究队列是国际公认的癌症辐射风险估计的基础，该研究队列是在原子弹爆炸 5 年多后收集的，不包括该日期之前死于原子弹相关伤害的人。本文测试了尽管遭受炸弹相关伤害但幸存下来的人与没有受到此类伤害的幸存者在癌症风险随年龄变化方面是否具有同质性。
方法
通过最大似然导出适当的统计模型并将其拟合到幸存者数据，并将所得统计数据用于测试同质性假设。
结果
在没有受伤的人和多处受伤的人之间发现了显着差异，这主要是由于 10 岁之前或 55 岁之后的暴露对于表现出早期影响（即与炸弹相关的伤害）的幸存者来说，受到辐射后期影响的风险异常高。
结论
关于人类辐射风险生物学的某些公认的教条，例如“癌症是辐射的唯一迟发效应”和“白血病是癌症中唯一的放射源性”，可能是严重错误的。这些都在讨论中。
BACKGROUND
The study cohort of the survivors of the A-bombs in Japan, used as the basis of the internationally accepted estimates of cancer radiation risk, was collected more than 5 years after the bombing and did not include those who died of bomb-related injuries before that date. This paper tests whether the people who survived, in spite of bomb-related injuries, are homogeneous in respect of variation of cancer risk with age with survivors without such injuries.
METHODS
Appropriate statistical models are derived and fitted to survivor data by maximum likelihood and the resultant statistics used to test the homogeneity assumption.
RESULTS
Significant differences were found between those with no injuries and those with multiple injuries and shown to be largely due to exposures before 10 or after 55 years of age having exceptionally high risks of late effects of radiation for survivors showing early effects, i.e. bomb-related injuries.
CONCLUSIONS
Certain accepted dogmas about the biology of radiation risks in humans, such as 'cancer is the only late effect of radiation' and 'leukaemia is uniquely radiogenic amongst cancers', may be significantly in error. These are discussed.